Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients
Nilakash Das,1 Marko Topalovic,1 Jean-Marie Aerts,2 Wim Janssens1 1Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Unive...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2019-02-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of COPD |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/area-under-the-forced-expiratory-flow-volume-loop-in-spirometry-indica-peer-reviewed-article-COPD |
| _version_ | 1818143906135539712 |
|---|---|
| author | Das N Topalovic M Aerts JM Janssens W |
| author_facet | Das N Topalovic M Aerts JM Janssens W |
| author_sort | Das N |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nilakash Das,1 Marko Topalovic,1 Jean-Marie Aerts,2 Wim Janssens1 1Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Background: Severe hyperinflation causes detrimental effects such as dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity and is an independent predictor of mortality in COPD patients. Static lung volumes are required to diagnose severe hyperinflation, which are not always accessible in primary care. Several studies have shown that the area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop (AreaFE) is highly sensitive to bronchodilator response and is correlated with residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC), a common index of air trapping. In this study, we investigate the role of AreaFE% (AreaFE expressed as a percentage of reference value) and conventional spirometry parameters in indicating severe hyperinflation. Materials and methods: We used a cohort of 215 individuals with COPD. The presence of severe hyperinflation was defined as elevated air trapping (RV/TLC >60%) or reduced inspiratory fraction (inspiratory capacity [IC]/TLC <25%) measured using body plethysmography. AreaFE% was calculated by integrating the maximal expiratory flow-volume loop with the trapezoidal rule and expressing it as a percentage of the reference value estimated using predicted values of FVC, peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50% and 75% of FVC. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify cut-offs that were used to indicate severe hyperinflation, which were then validated in a separate group of 104 COPD subjects. Results: ROC analysis identified cut-offs of 15% and 20% for AreaFE% in indicating RV/TLC >60% and IC/TLC <25%, respectively (N=215). On validation (N=104), these cut-offs consistently registered the highest accuracy (80% each), sensitivity (68% and 75%) and specificity (83% and 80%) among conventional parameters in both criteria of severe hyperinflation. Conclusion: AreaFE% consistently provides a superior estimation of severe hyperinflation using different indices, and may provide a convenient way to refer COPD patients for body plethysmography to address static lung volumes. Keywords: spirometry, flow-volume loop, air trapping, severe hyperinflation, COPD, area under flow-volume loop |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:39:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4682ec35d32447fb5b9a61e7637d4ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2005 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:39:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of COPD |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4682ec35d32447fb5b9a61e7637d4ba2022-12-22T01:08:40ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of COPD1178-20052019-02-01Volume 1440941844085Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patientsDas NTopalovic MAerts JMJanssens WNilakash Das,1 Marko Topalovic,1 Jean-Marie Aerts,2 Wim Janssens1 1Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Background: Severe hyperinflation causes detrimental effects such as dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity and is an independent predictor of mortality in COPD patients. Static lung volumes are required to diagnose severe hyperinflation, which are not always accessible in primary care. Several studies have shown that the area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop (AreaFE) is highly sensitive to bronchodilator response and is correlated with residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC), a common index of air trapping. In this study, we investigate the role of AreaFE% (AreaFE expressed as a percentage of reference value) and conventional spirometry parameters in indicating severe hyperinflation. Materials and methods: We used a cohort of 215 individuals with COPD. The presence of severe hyperinflation was defined as elevated air trapping (RV/TLC >60%) or reduced inspiratory fraction (inspiratory capacity [IC]/TLC <25%) measured using body plethysmography. AreaFE% was calculated by integrating the maximal expiratory flow-volume loop with the trapezoidal rule and expressing it as a percentage of the reference value estimated using predicted values of FVC, peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50% and 75% of FVC. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify cut-offs that were used to indicate severe hyperinflation, which were then validated in a separate group of 104 COPD subjects. Results: ROC analysis identified cut-offs of 15% and 20% for AreaFE% in indicating RV/TLC >60% and IC/TLC <25%, respectively (N=215). On validation (N=104), these cut-offs consistently registered the highest accuracy (80% each), sensitivity (68% and 75%) and specificity (83% and 80%) among conventional parameters in both criteria of severe hyperinflation. Conclusion: AreaFE% consistently provides a superior estimation of severe hyperinflation using different indices, and may provide a convenient way to refer COPD patients for body plethysmography to address static lung volumes. Keywords: spirometry, flow-volume loop, air trapping, severe hyperinflation, COPD, area under flow-volume loophttps://www.dovepress.com/area-under-the-forced-expiratory-flow-volume-loop-in-spirometry-indica-peer-reviewed-article-COPDSpirometryflow-volume loopair-trappingsevere hyperinflationchronic obstructive pulmonary disease; |
| spellingShingle | Das N Topalovic M Aerts JM Janssens W Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients International Journal of COPD Spirometry flow-volume loop air-trapping severe hyperinflation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; |
| title | Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients |
| title_full | Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients |
| title_fullStr | Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients |
| title_short | Area under the forced expiratory flow-volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in COPD patients |
| title_sort | area under the forced expiratory flow volume loop in spirometry indicates severe hyperinflation in copd patients |
| topic | Spirometry flow-volume loop air-trapping severe hyperinflation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/area-under-the-forced-expiratory-flow-volume-loop-in-spirometry-indica-peer-reviewed-article-COPD |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dasn areaundertheforcedexpiratoryflowvolumeloopinspirometryindicatesseverehyperinflationincopdpatients AT topalovicm areaundertheforcedexpiratoryflowvolumeloopinspirometryindicatesseverehyperinflationincopdpatients AT aertsjm areaundertheforcedexpiratoryflowvolumeloopinspirometryindicatesseverehyperinflationincopdpatients AT janssensw areaundertheforcedexpiratoryflowvolumeloopinspirometryindicatesseverehyperinflationincopdpatients |