Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture
The presence of increasing concerns and enforcement of growing regulations over environmental pollution are nowadays at play. The pollution arising from mineral oils is among the major concerns. With the gradual reducation of the world oil reserves, an increasing pressure comes into play for finding...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC)
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jree.ir/article_162705_7c5c66da93f6710263cb8dfdc6a5688e.pdf |
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| author | Sharareh Esmaeili Kambiz Tahvildari Barat Ghobadian Masoud Dehghani-Soufi Sanaz Mohammadzadeh Koumleh Tirth Panchal |
| author_facet | Sharareh Esmaeili Kambiz Tahvildari Barat Ghobadian Masoud Dehghani-Soufi Sanaz Mohammadzadeh Koumleh Tirth Panchal |
| author_sort | Sharareh Esmaeili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of increasing concerns and enforcement of growing regulations over environmental pollution are nowadays at play. The pollution arising from mineral oils is among the major concerns. With the gradual reducation of the world oil reserves, an increasing pressure comes into play for finding sustainable alternatives. Being appealing alternatives, vegetable oils consist of different fatty acids; however, they cannot be applied directly to internal combustion engines owing to their poor oxidation stability and high pour point value. Biolubricants are considered to be a new generation of lubricants, which are renewable and biodegradable and are produced from the chemical modification of vegetable oils. There are few studies investigating the feasibility of using the mixture of fatty acids as biolubricant feedstock. In this study, epoxidation, oxirane ring opening with palmitic acid and p-Toluenesulfonic acid, esterification reaction with octanol, and reaction of the remaining hydroxyl group with stearic acid were applied to modify the mixture of oleic and linoleic fatty acids and produce biolubricant. For this purpose, the IR spectrums of each epoxide, monoester, diester, and triester products were obtained and analyzed. At the end of the experiments, monoester, diester, and triester were obtained with 94 % yield, with 96 % yield, and with 98 % yield, respectively. Eventually, the final product was found with physicochemical properties comparable with the physicochemical properties of the lubricant standard ISO VG10. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:05:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4744b66f4364f428a0734c989eb0622 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-5547 2423-7469 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:05:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4744b66f4364f428a0734c989eb06222023-07-01T09:16:05ZengMaterials and Energy Research Center (MERC)Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment2423-55472423-74692022-12-019410110810.30501/jree.2022.316482.1282162705Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid MixtureSharareh Esmaeili0Kambiz Tahvildari1Barat Ghobadian2Masoud Dehghani-Soufi3Sanaz Mohammadzadeh Koumleh4Tirth Panchal5Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Department of Biosystems Engineering, School of Agriculture, University of Tarbiat Modares, P. O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 1417853111, Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Faculty of Chemistry, Shahroud University of Technology, P. O. Box: 3619995161, Shahroud, Semnan, Iran.C1 Water Industries LLC, Dubai Industrial City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.The presence of increasing concerns and enforcement of growing regulations over environmental pollution are nowadays at play. The pollution arising from mineral oils is among the major concerns. With the gradual reducation of the world oil reserves, an increasing pressure comes into play for finding sustainable alternatives. Being appealing alternatives, vegetable oils consist of different fatty acids; however, they cannot be applied directly to internal combustion engines owing to their poor oxidation stability and high pour point value. Biolubricants are considered to be a new generation of lubricants, which are renewable and biodegradable and are produced from the chemical modification of vegetable oils. There are few studies investigating the feasibility of using the mixture of fatty acids as biolubricant feedstock. In this study, epoxidation, oxirane ring opening with palmitic acid and p-Toluenesulfonic acid, esterification reaction with octanol, and reaction of the remaining hydroxyl group with stearic acid were applied to modify the mixture of oleic and linoleic fatty acids and produce biolubricant. For this purpose, the IR spectrums of each epoxide, monoester, diester, and triester products were obtained and analyzed. At the end of the experiments, monoester, diester, and triester were obtained with 94 % yield, with 96 % yield, and with 98 % yield, respectively. Eventually, the final product was found with physicochemical properties comparable with the physicochemical properties of the lubricant standard ISO VG10.https://www.jree.ir/article_162705_7c5c66da93f6710263cb8dfdc6a5688e.pdfbiolubricantepoxidationesterificationlinoleic acidoleic acid |
| spellingShingle | Sharareh Esmaeili Kambiz Tahvildari Barat Ghobadian Masoud Dehghani-Soufi Sanaz Mohammadzadeh Koumleh Tirth Panchal Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment biolubricant epoxidation esterification linoleic acid oleic acid |
| title | Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture |
| title_full | Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture |
| title_short | Bio-Based Lubricant Synthesis by Chemical Modification of Linoleic and Oleic Acid Mixture |
| title_sort | bio based lubricant synthesis by chemical modification of linoleic and oleic acid mixture |
| topic | biolubricant epoxidation esterification linoleic acid oleic acid |
| url | https://www.jree.ir/article_162705_7c5c66da93f6710263cb8dfdc6a5688e.pdf |
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