The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments
Abstract Background Soybean is native to the temperate zones of East Asia. Poor yields of soybean in West African countries may be partially attributed to inadequate adaptation of soybean to tropical environments. Adaptation will require knowledge of the effects of allelic combinations of major matu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-2276-y |
| _version_ | 1828943521405468672 |
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| author | Carrie Miranda Andrew Scaboo Elroy Cober Nicholas Denwar Kristin Bilyeu |
| author_facet | Carrie Miranda Andrew Scaboo Elroy Cober Nicholas Denwar Kristin Bilyeu |
| author_sort | Carrie Miranda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Soybean is native to the temperate zones of East Asia. Poor yields of soybean in West African countries may be partially attributed to inadequate adaptation of soybean to tropical environments. Adaptation will require knowledge of the effects of allelic combinations of major maturity genes (E1, E2, and E3) and stem architecture. The long juvenile trait (J) influences soybean flowering time in short, ~ 12 h days, which characterize tropical latitudes. Soybean plant architecture includes determinate or indeterminate stem phenotypes controlled by the Dt1 gene. Understanding the influence of these genetic components on plant development and adaptation is key to optimize phenology and improve soybean yield potential in tropical environments. Results Soybean lines from five recombinant inbred populations were developed that varied in their combinations of targeted genes. The soybean lines were field tested in multiple environments and characterized for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), and plant height in locations throughout northern Ghana, and allelic combinations were determined for each line for associating genotype with phenotype. The results revealed significant differences based on genotype for DTF and DTM and allowed the comparison of different variant alleles of those genes. The mutant alleles of J and E1 had significant impact on DTF and DTM, and alleles of those genes interacted with each other for DTF but not DTM. The Dt1 gene significantly influenced plant height but not DTF or DTM. Conclusions This research identified major and minor effect alleles of soybean genes that can be combined to control DTF, DTM, and plant height in short day tropical environments in Ghana. These phenotypes contribute to adaptation to a low latitude environment that can be optimized in a soybean breeding program with targeted selection of desired allele combinations. The knowledge of the genetic control of these traits will enhance molecular breeding to produce optimally adapted soybean varieties targeted to tropical environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:15:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a475f1abc89c41ee84ecd6e402daaaa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:15:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a475f1abc89c41ee84ecd6e402daaaa82022-12-21T23:17:32ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292020-02-0120111310.1186/s12870-020-2276-yThe effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environmentsCarrie Miranda0Andrew Scaboo1Elroy Cober2Nicholas Denwar3Kristin Bilyeu4USDA/ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, 110 Waters Hall, University of MissouriDivision of Plant Sciences, 110 Waters Hall, University of MissouriOttawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaCSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research InstituteUSDA/ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, 110 Waters Hall, University of MissouriAbstract Background Soybean is native to the temperate zones of East Asia. Poor yields of soybean in West African countries may be partially attributed to inadequate adaptation of soybean to tropical environments. Adaptation will require knowledge of the effects of allelic combinations of major maturity genes (E1, E2, and E3) and stem architecture. The long juvenile trait (J) influences soybean flowering time in short, ~ 12 h days, which characterize tropical latitudes. Soybean plant architecture includes determinate or indeterminate stem phenotypes controlled by the Dt1 gene. Understanding the influence of these genetic components on plant development and adaptation is key to optimize phenology and improve soybean yield potential in tropical environments. Results Soybean lines from five recombinant inbred populations were developed that varied in their combinations of targeted genes. The soybean lines were field tested in multiple environments and characterized for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), and plant height in locations throughout northern Ghana, and allelic combinations were determined for each line for associating genotype with phenotype. The results revealed significant differences based on genotype for DTF and DTM and allowed the comparison of different variant alleles of those genes. The mutant alleles of J and E1 had significant impact on DTF and DTM, and alleles of those genes interacted with each other for DTF but not DTM. The Dt1 gene significantly influenced plant height but not DTF or DTM. Conclusions This research identified major and minor effect alleles of soybean genes that can be combined to control DTF, DTM, and plant height in short day tropical environments in Ghana. These phenotypes contribute to adaptation to a low latitude environment that can be optimized in a soybean breeding program with targeted selection of desired allele combinations. The knowledge of the genetic control of these traits will enhance molecular breeding to produce optimally adapted soybean varieties targeted to tropical environments.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-2276-ySoybeanLong juvenile traitAfricaLow latitudeMaturityTropical environment |
| spellingShingle | Carrie Miranda Andrew Scaboo Elroy Cober Nicholas Denwar Kristin Bilyeu The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments BMC Plant Biology Soybean Long juvenile trait Africa Low latitude Maturity Tropical environment |
| title | The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments |
| title_full | The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments |
| title_fullStr | The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments |
| title_short | The effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time, maturity, and adaptation in tropical environments |
| title_sort | effects and interaction of soybean maturity gene alleles controlling flowering time maturity and adaptation in tropical environments |
| topic | Soybean Long juvenile trait Africa Low latitude Maturity Tropical environment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-020-2276-y |
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