String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks
Abstract We revisit the study of string theory close to the Hagedorn temperature with the aim towards cosmological applications. We consider interactions of open and closed strings in a gas of Dp-branes, and/or one isolated Dp-brane, in an arbitrary number d of flat non-compact dimensions and genera...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)112 |
| _version_ | 1827205571586031616 |
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| author | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Francesco Muia Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa |
| author_facet | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Francesco Muia Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa |
| author_sort | Andrew R. Frey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We revisit the study of string theory close to the Hagedorn temperature with the aim towards cosmological applications. We consider interactions of open and closed strings in a gas of Dp-branes, and/or one isolated Dp-brane, in an arbitrary number d of flat non-compact dimensions and general compact dimensions. Leading order string perturbation theory is used to obtain the basic interaction rates in a flat background, which are shown to be consistent with the random walk picture of highly excited strings that should apply in more general backgrounds. Using the random walk interpretation we infer the structure of more general semi-inclusive string scattering rates and then write down the corresponding Boltzmann equations describing ensembles of highly excited closed and open strings. We organise the interaction terms in Boltzmann equations so that detailed balance becomes manifest. We obtain the equilibrium solutions and show that they reduce to previously computed solutions for d = 0. We further study the behaviour of non-equilibrium fluctuations and find explicit analytic expressions for the equilibration rates (and for the number of open strings in d = 0). Potential implications for an early universe with strings at high temperatures are outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:00:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4765c5306d446d3b987b864f90f9e3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1029-8479 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-21T12:10:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of High Energy Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4765c5306d446d3b987b864f90f9e3e2024-06-30T11:07:36ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792024-03-012024314510.1007/JHEP03(2024)112String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walksAndrew R. Frey0Ratul Mahanta1Anshuman Maharana2Francesco Muia3Fernando Quevedo4Gonzalo Villa5Department of Physics and Winnipeg Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of WinnipegINFN, Sezione di BolognaHarish Chandra Research Institute, A CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of CambridgeDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of CambridgeDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of CambridgeAbstract We revisit the study of string theory close to the Hagedorn temperature with the aim towards cosmological applications. We consider interactions of open and closed strings in a gas of Dp-branes, and/or one isolated Dp-brane, in an arbitrary number d of flat non-compact dimensions and general compact dimensions. Leading order string perturbation theory is used to obtain the basic interaction rates in a flat background, which are shown to be consistent with the random walk picture of highly excited strings that should apply in more general backgrounds. Using the random walk interpretation we infer the structure of more general semi-inclusive string scattering rates and then write down the corresponding Boltzmann equations describing ensembles of highly excited closed and open strings. We organise the interaction terms in Boltzmann equations so that detailed balance becomes manifest. We obtain the equilibrium solutions and show that they reduce to previously computed solutions for d = 0. We further study the behaviour of non-equilibrium fluctuations and find explicit analytic expressions for the equilibration rates (and for the number of open strings in d = 0). Potential implications for an early universe with strings at high temperatures are outlined.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)112Long StringsString Theory and Cosmic Strings |
| spellingShingle | Andrew R. Frey Ratul Mahanta Anshuman Maharana Francesco Muia Fernando Quevedo Gonzalo Villa String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks Journal of High Energy Physics Long Strings String Theory and Cosmic Strings |
| title | String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks |
| title_full | String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks |
| title_fullStr | String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks |
| title_full_unstemmed | String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks |
| title_short | String thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium: Boltzmann equations and random walks |
| title_sort | string thermodynamics in and out of equilibrium boltzmann equations and random walks |
| topic | Long Strings String Theory and Cosmic Strings |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2024)112 |
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