Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds
Bacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. Bacterial endophytes have produced a variety of bioactive compounds that can be used for different biomedical applications. In the current study, two bacterial endophytes were i...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/395 |
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| author | Amr H. Hashem Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada Abd Elgawad Amer M. Abdelaziz |
| author_facet | Amr H. Hashem Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada Abd Elgawad Amer M. Abdelaziz |
| author_sort | Amr H. Hashem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. Bacterial endophytes have produced a variety of bioactive compounds that can be used for different biomedical applications. In the current study, two bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves, and identified genetically as <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>. Phytochemical results illustrated that <i>A. faecalis</i> produced phenolics at 547.2 mg/g, tannins at 156.7 µg/g, flavonoids at 32.8 µg/g, and alkaloids at 111.2 µg/g compared to <i>S. maltophilia</i>, which produced phenolics at 299.5 mg/g, tannins at 78.2 µg/g, flavonoids at 12.4 µg/g, and alkaloids at 29.4 µg/g. GC-MS analysis indicated that <i>A. faecalis</i> extract has 24 bioactive compounds, including 9 major compounds, namely octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, methyl stearate, nonacosane, indolizine, palmitoleic acid, and heptacosane. On the other hand, <i>S. maltophilia</i> extract has 11 bioactive compounds, including 8 major compounds, namely oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, cis-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-methyl, ergotamine, diisooctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and pentadecanoic acid. To check the safety of these extracts, the cytotoxicity of Ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> were evaluated against the Vero normal cell line, and the results confirmed that these extracts are safe to use. Moreover, results revealed that EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited anticancer activity against the cancerous MCF7 cell line, where IC<sub>50</sub> was 202.4 and 119.7 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> had antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and unicellular fungi. Likewise, the EA extract of <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, as well as unicellular fungi, but did not show any activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Also, EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited moderate antioxidant activity where IC<sub>50</sub> were 146.2 and 147.6 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the two isolated endophytic bacteria <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> have promising bioactive compounds that have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:39:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a4772e45ffd14692ab3861cd20abdc192023-11-18T21:21:05ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-07-0110739510.3390/separations10070395Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive CompoundsAmr H. Hashem0Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar1Hamada Abd Elgawad2Amer M. Abdelaziz3Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, EgyptDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi ArabiaIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2180, BelgiumBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, EgyptBacterial endophytes reside within the tissues of living plant species without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. Bacterial endophytes have produced a variety of bioactive compounds that can be used for different biomedical applications. In the current study, two bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves, and identified genetically as <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>. Phytochemical results illustrated that <i>A. faecalis</i> produced phenolics at 547.2 mg/g, tannins at 156.7 µg/g, flavonoids at 32.8 µg/g, and alkaloids at 111.2 µg/g compared to <i>S. maltophilia</i>, which produced phenolics at 299.5 mg/g, tannins at 78.2 µg/g, flavonoids at 12.4 µg/g, and alkaloids at 29.4 µg/g. GC-MS analysis indicated that <i>A. faecalis</i> extract has 24 bioactive compounds, including 9 major compounds, namely octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester, octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, methyl stearate, nonacosane, indolizine, palmitoleic acid, and heptacosane. On the other hand, <i>S. maltophilia</i> extract has 11 bioactive compounds, including 8 major compounds, namely oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, cis-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-methyl, ergotamine, diisooctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and pentadecanoic acid. To check the safety of these extracts, the cytotoxicity of Ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> were evaluated against the Vero normal cell line, and the results confirmed that these extracts are safe to use. Moreover, results revealed that EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited anticancer activity against the cancerous MCF7 cell line, where IC<sub>50</sub> was 202.4 and 119.7 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> had antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and unicellular fungi. Likewise, the EA extract of <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, as well as unicellular fungi, but did not show any activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Also, EA extracts of <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> exhibited moderate antioxidant activity where IC<sub>50</sub> were 146.2 and 147.6 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the two isolated endophytic bacteria <i>S. maltophilia</i> and <i>A. faecalis</i> have promising bioactive compounds that have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/395endophytes<i>Moringa oleifera</i>GC-MSantimicrobial activityantioxidant activityanticancer activity |
| spellingShingle | Amr H. Hashem Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada Abd Elgawad Amer M. Abdelaziz Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds Separations endophytes <i>Moringa oleifera</i> GC-MS antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity anticancer activity |
| title | Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full | Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds |
| title_short | Bacterial Endophytes from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves as a Promising Source for Bioactive Compounds |
| title_sort | bacterial endophytes from i moringa oleifera i leaves as a promising source for bioactive compounds |
| topic | endophytes <i>Moringa oleifera</i> GC-MS antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity anticancer activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/7/395 |
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