The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading
This paper presents a study on the impact behaviour of newly-developed composites based on S-glass fibre reinforced PEKK (GF/PEKK) composites subjected to single and repeated impact loading. The laminates, with a thickness of 2 mm and fibre weigh fraction of 60 wt%, were manufactured by stacking eig...
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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Series: | Polymer Testing |
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Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823004038 |
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author | Nassier A. Nassir R.S. Birch W.J. Cantwell Z.W. Guan |
author_facet | Nassier A. Nassir R.S. Birch W.J. Cantwell Z.W. Guan |
author_sort | Nassier A. Nassir |
collection | DOAJ |
description | This paper presents a study on the impact behaviour of newly-developed composites based on S-glass fibre reinforced PEKK (GF/PEKK) composites subjected to single and repeated impact loading. The laminates, with a thickness of 2 mm and fibre weigh fraction of 60 wt%, were manufactured by stacking eight plies of GF/PEKK woven prepregs using a hot compression moulding technique, and impacted centrally using a drop-weight apparatus. Beginning with a single impact test, these samples were subjected to repeated impacts using the same projectile and energy until full perforation was achieved. During each test, the impact response characteristics, contact force, velocity, displacement and energy absorption with respect to time were measured and recorded. The results show that, for a single impact test, the absorbed energy increases significantly at low impact energies, while repeated impacts lead to a decrease in the values of peak force and stiffness of the composite panels. Here, up to 5 times of energy can be absorbed over multiple low energy impacts compared to that required to perforate the target with a single impact. For multiple impacts at different impact energy levels, accumulation of damaged area increases rapidly around the impact location up to perforation failure (e.g. the rate of damage from 2 mm2 per impact at 1 J case jumping to 25 mm2 per impact at 2 J case, further to 68 mm2 per impact at 3 J case). The rate of damage progression (per impact) appears to be related strongly to the rate of energy absorption. The continuous nature of the absorbed energy and damage progression over multiple impacts suggest that semi-empirical analytical relationships, similar to that used in a fatigue analysis, could be useful in providing a means of assessing impact damage in a laminated structure and predicting the remaining ‘impact fatigue’ life. |
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id | doaj.art-a483d4127c5a405f974cc3a2cbbe566c |
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issn | 0142-9418 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:26:29Z |
publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
publisher | Elsevier |
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series | Polymer Testing |
spelling | doaj.art-a483d4127c5a405f974cc3a2cbbe566c2024-01-07T04:26:49ZengElsevierPolymer Testing0142-94182024-02-01131108323The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loadingNassier A. Nassir0R.S. Birch1W.J. Cantwell2Z.W. Guan3Materials Engineering Dept., University of Technology, IraqSchool of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GQ, UKDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KUST), P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesTechnology Innovation Institute, Advanced Materials Research Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Shiling Town, Chengdu, China; Corresponding author. Advanced Materials Research Centre, TII, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesThis paper presents a study on the impact behaviour of newly-developed composites based on S-glass fibre reinforced PEKK (GF/PEKK) composites subjected to single and repeated impact loading. The laminates, with a thickness of 2 mm and fibre weigh fraction of 60 wt%, were manufactured by stacking eight plies of GF/PEKK woven prepregs using a hot compression moulding technique, and impacted centrally using a drop-weight apparatus. Beginning with a single impact test, these samples were subjected to repeated impacts using the same projectile and energy until full perforation was achieved. During each test, the impact response characteristics, contact force, velocity, displacement and energy absorption with respect to time were measured and recorded. The results show that, for a single impact test, the absorbed energy increases significantly at low impact energies, while repeated impacts lead to a decrease in the values of peak force and stiffness of the composite panels. Here, up to 5 times of energy can be absorbed over multiple low energy impacts compared to that required to perforate the target with a single impact. For multiple impacts at different impact energy levels, accumulation of damaged area increases rapidly around the impact location up to perforation failure (e.g. the rate of damage from 2 mm2 per impact at 1 J case jumping to 25 mm2 per impact at 2 J case, further to 68 mm2 per impact at 3 J case). The rate of damage progression (per impact) appears to be related strongly to the rate of energy absorption. The continuous nature of the absorbed energy and damage progression over multiple impacts suggest that semi-empirical analytical relationships, similar to that used in a fatigue analysis, could be useful in providing a means of assessing impact damage in a laminated structure and predicting the remaining ‘impact fatigue’ life.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823004038Energy absorptionPoly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK)S-glass fibreRepeated impact |
spellingShingle | Nassier A. Nassir R.S. Birch W.J. Cantwell Z.W. Guan The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading Polymer Testing Energy absorption Poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK) S-glass fibre Repeated impact |
title | The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
title_full | The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
title_fullStr | The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
title_full_unstemmed | The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
title_short | The response of glass fibre reinforced PEKK laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
title_sort | response of glass fibre reinforced pekk laminates subjected to single and multiple impact loading |
topic | Energy absorption Poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK) S-glass fibre Repeated impact |
url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941823004038 |
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