Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>
<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i>, <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i>, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>, and <i>Cryptolestes ferrugineus</i> are all major pests of stored grains. In this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/835 |
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| author | Waqas Wakil Nickolas G. Kavallieratos Nikoleta Eleftheriadou Taha Yaseen Khawaja G. Rasool Mureed Husain Abdulrahman S. Aldawood |
| author_facet | Waqas Wakil Nickolas G. Kavallieratos Nikoleta Eleftheriadou Taha Yaseen Khawaja G. Rasool Mureed Husain Abdulrahman S. Aldawood |
| author_sort | Waqas Wakil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i>, <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i>, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>, and <i>Cryptolestes ferrugineus</i> are all major pests of stored grains. In this study, the efficiency of single and joint applications of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> at two different doses (50 and 100 IJs cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> for the management of the aforementioned pests was estimated. At single treatments, both doses of <i>S. carpocapsae</i> caused higher mortality rates to all six pest species compared to <i>B. bassiana</i>. The combined treatment of EPF and EPN resulted in higher mortality compared to single treatments. Mortality was strongly influenced by the exposure interval and the application dose of the EPN at both single and combined treatments. Maximum mortality was observed for the application of the combined treatment at the high dose of <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i>. Among the different insect species tested, the maximum mortality rate was observed for <i>R. dominica</i> (96.62%), followed by <i>S. oryzae</i> (90.48%), <i>T. castaneum</i> (87.23%), <i>C. ferrugineus</i> (76.05%), <i>O. surinamensis</i> (70.74%), and <i>T. granarium</i> (57.71%). The outcomes of this study demonstrate the potential of utilizing specific combinations of EPF and EPN as effective natural enemies against stored-grain pests. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a48fad49f969499cb442bf593a4ae22f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-a48fad49f969499cb442bf593a4ae22f2023-11-19T01:47:44ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-08-019883510.3390/jof9080835Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>Waqas Wakil0Nickolas G. Kavallieratos1Nikoleta Eleftheriadou2Taha Yaseen3Khawaja G. Rasool4Mureed Husain5Abdulrahman S. Aldawood6Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanLaboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos street, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos street, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>Trogoderma granarium</i>, <i>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</i>, <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i>, <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i>, and <i>Cryptolestes ferrugineus</i> are all major pests of stored grains. In this study, the efficiency of single and joint applications of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> at two different doses (50 and 100 IJs cm<sup>−2</sup>) and the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> for the management of the aforementioned pests was estimated. At single treatments, both doses of <i>S. carpocapsae</i> caused higher mortality rates to all six pest species compared to <i>B. bassiana</i>. The combined treatment of EPF and EPN resulted in higher mortality compared to single treatments. Mortality was strongly influenced by the exposure interval and the application dose of the EPN at both single and combined treatments. Maximum mortality was observed for the application of the combined treatment at the high dose of <i>S. carpocapsae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i>. Among the different insect species tested, the maximum mortality rate was observed for <i>R. dominica</i> (96.62%), followed by <i>S. oryzae</i> (90.48%), <i>T. castaneum</i> (87.23%), <i>C. ferrugineus</i> (76.05%), <i>O. surinamensis</i> (70.74%), and <i>T. granarium</i> (57.71%). The outcomes of this study demonstrate the potential of utilizing specific combinations of EPF and EPN as effective natural enemies against stored-grain pests.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/835stored-product insectsnematodesfungibiocontrol agentsustainabilityIPM |
| spellingShingle | Waqas Wakil Nickolas G. Kavallieratos Nikoleta Eleftheriadou Taha Yaseen Khawaja G. Rasool Mureed Husain Abdulrahman S. Aldawood Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> Journal of Fungi stored-product insects nematodes fungi biocontrol agent sustainability IPM |
| title | Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> |
| title_full | Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> |
| title_fullStr | Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> |
| title_short | Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i> |
| title_sort | natural warriors against stored grain pests the joint action of i beauveria bassiana i and i steinernema carpocapsae i |
| topic | stored-product insects nematodes fungi biocontrol agent sustainability IPM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/835 |
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