Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia
BackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficienc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270824/full |
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| author | Kidist Zealiyas Kidist Zealiyas Seifegebriel Teshome Aklilu Feleke Haile Christoph Weigel Christoph Weigel Ayinalem Alemu Ayinalem Alemu Wondwossen Amogne Getnet Yimer Getnet Yimer Tamrat Abebe Nega Berhe Elshafa Hassan Ahmed Robert A. Baiocchi Robert A. Baiocchi |
| author_facet | Kidist Zealiyas Kidist Zealiyas Seifegebriel Teshome Aklilu Feleke Haile Christoph Weigel Christoph Weigel Ayinalem Alemu Ayinalem Alemu Wondwossen Amogne Getnet Yimer Getnet Yimer Tamrat Abebe Nega Berhe Elshafa Hassan Ahmed Robert A. Baiocchi Robert A. Baiocchi |
| author_sort | Kidist Zealiyas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and HIV-negative individuals in Ethiopia.MethodsDNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) targeting EBNA3C genes was performed for genotyping. A quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) assay for EBV DNA (EBNA1 ORF) detection and viral load quantification was performed. Statistical significance was determined at a value of p < 0.05.ResultIn this study, 155 EBV-seropositive individuals were enrolled, including 128 PWH and 27 HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, EBV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (105/128, 82.0%) genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2 (17/128, 13.3%), and mixed infection (6/128, 4.7%). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.23 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.76–4.46], whereas it was 3.84 copies/ml (IQR: 3.74–4.02) in the HIV-negative group. The EBV viral load in PWH was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (value of p = 0.004). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.25 copies/ml (IQR: 3.83–4.47) in EBV genotype 1 and higher than EBV genotype 2 and mixed infection (p = 0.032).ConclusionIn Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:29:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a497d68757b24dd5a3dbfbfbac59dda3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:29:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a497d68757b24dd5a3dbfbfbac59dda32023-10-31T11:19:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-10-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12708241270824Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in EthiopiaKidist Zealiyas0Kidist Zealiyas1Seifegebriel Teshome2Aklilu Feleke Haile3Christoph Weigel4Christoph Weigel5Ayinalem Alemu6Ayinalem Alemu7Wondwossen Amogne8Getnet Yimer9Getnet Yimer10Tamrat Abebe11Nega Berhe12Elshafa Hassan Ahmed13Robert A. Baiocchi14Robert A. Baiocchi15Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaComprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEthiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCentre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Genetics, Penn Center for Global Genomics & Health Equity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaComprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesComprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesDivision of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and HIV-negative individuals in Ethiopia.MethodsDNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) targeting EBNA3C genes was performed for genotyping. A quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) assay for EBV DNA (EBNA1 ORF) detection and viral load quantification was performed. Statistical significance was determined at a value of p < 0.05.ResultIn this study, 155 EBV-seropositive individuals were enrolled, including 128 PWH and 27 HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, EBV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (105/128, 82.0%) genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2 (17/128, 13.3%), and mixed infection (6/128, 4.7%). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.23 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.76–4.46], whereas it was 3.84 copies/ml (IQR: 3.74–4.02) in the HIV-negative group. The EBV viral load in PWH was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (value of p = 0.004). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.25 copies/ml (IQR: 3.83–4.47) in EBV genotype 1 and higher than EBV genotype 2 and mixed infection (p = 0.032).ConclusionIn Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270824/fullEpstein–Barr virusEBNA1EBNA2EBNA3CEthiopiaHIV status |
| spellingShingle | Kidist Zealiyas Kidist Zealiyas Seifegebriel Teshome Aklilu Feleke Haile Christoph Weigel Christoph Weigel Ayinalem Alemu Ayinalem Alemu Wondwossen Amogne Getnet Yimer Getnet Yimer Tamrat Abebe Nega Berhe Elshafa Hassan Ahmed Robert A. Baiocchi Robert A. Baiocchi Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia Frontiers in Microbiology Epstein–Barr virus EBNA1 EBNA2 EBNA3C Ethiopia HIV status |
| title | Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia |
| title_full | Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia |
| title_short | Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia |
| title_sort | genotype characterization of epstein barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in ethiopia |
| topic | Epstein–Barr virus EBNA1 EBNA2 EBNA3C Ethiopia HIV status |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270824/full |
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