Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany
The majority of freight in Germany is carried out by trucks, resulting in emitting approximately 9% of Germany’s carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In particular, long-distance truck journeys contribute significantly to these emissions. This paper aims to explore the conditions and impacts of intr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/205 |
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| author | Josef Menter Tu-Anh Fay Alexander Grahle Dietmar Göhlich |
| author_facet | Josef Menter Tu-Anh Fay Alexander Grahle Dietmar Göhlich |
| author_sort | Josef Menter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The majority of freight in Germany is carried out by trucks, resulting in emitting approximately 9% of Germany’s carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In particular, long-distance truck journeys contribute significantly to these emissions. This paper aims to explore the conditions and impacts of introducing E-Trucks in Germany by utilizing a microscopic traffic simulation approach. Therefore, five different electrification levels of the long-distance truck traffic are evaluated. The demand-oriented charging network dimensioning aims for a realistic and implementable design and is based on an average charging power of 720 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Additionaly, it considers the necessary infrastructure requirements at service and rest areas next to the motorway. The results of this research provide valuable insights in terms of usage, requirements and demand. For an electrification level of 1%, 177 chargers at 173 charging sites must be implemented, while 1296 chargers and 457 charging sites must be built for an electrification level of 20%. The increase in the electrification level leads to more efficient occupancy of the charging facilities; i.e., an increase from 1% to 5% improves the average occupation time ratio per charger by approximately 130%. Of the total energy consumed, 65% is recharged en-route at public chargers. Between Monday and Thursday, each 1% electrification level increase requires 2.68 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> more energy for the public recharging network. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:29:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a49b342837fc4a199aee6443aa38fa42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2032-6653 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:29:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Electric Vehicle Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a49b342837fc4a199aee6443aa38fa422023-11-19T03:24:11ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532023-08-0114820510.3390/wevj14080205Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for GermanyJosef Menter0Tu-Anh Fay1Alexander Grahle2Dietmar Göhlich3Chair of Methods of Product Development and Mechatronics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, GermanyChair of Methods of Product Development and Mechatronics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, GermanyChair of Methods of Product Development and Mechatronics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, GermanyChair of Methods of Product Development and Mechatronics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, GermanyThe majority of freight in Germany is carried out by trucks, resulting in emitting approximately 9% of Germany’s carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. In particular, long-distance truck journeys contribute significantly to these emissions. This paper aims to explore the conditions and impacts of introducing E-Trucks in Germany by utilizing a microscopic traffic simulation approach. Therefore, five different electrification levels of the long-distance truck traffic are evaluated. The demand-oriented charging network dimensioning aims for a realistic and implementable design and is based on an average charging power of 720 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Additionaly, it considers the necessary infrastructure requirements at service and rest areas next to the motorway. The results of this research provide valuable insights in terms of usage, requirements and demand. For an electrification level of 1%, 177 chargers at 173 charging sites must be implemented, while 1296 chargers and 457 charging sites must be built for an electrification level of 20%. The increase in the electrification level leads to more efficient occupancy of the charging facilities; i.e., an increase from 1% to 5% improves the average occupation time ratio per charger by approximately 130%. Of the total energy consumed, 65% is recharged en-route at public chargers. Between Monday and Thursday, each 1% electrification level increase requires 2.68 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> more energy for the public recharging network.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/205electrificationbattery electric trucktruck traffic simulationdemand-oriented charging network designmicroscopic simulationMATSim |
| spellingShingle | Josef Menter Tu-Anh Fay Alexander Grahle Dietmar Göhlich Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany World Electric Vehicle Journal electrification battery electric truck truck traffic simulation demand-oriented charging network design microscopic simulation MATSim |
| title | Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany |
| title_full | Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany |
| title_fullStr | Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany |
| title_short | Long-Distance Electric Truck Traffic: Analysis, Modeling and Designing a Demand-Oriented Charging Network for Germany |
| title_sort | long distance electric truck traffic analysis modeling and designing a demand oriented charging network for germany |
| topic | electrification battery electric truck truck traffic simulation demand-oriented charging network design microscopic simulation MATSim |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/14/8/205 |
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