| Summary: | An analysis of production and application of mineral fertilizers in Russia revealed that that despite the steady growth of their release (18.4 million tons of active ingredient in 2013), agricultural enterprises used only 2.7 million tons of active ingredient: on average 38 kg/ha in arable land. Prospects of use of liquid nitric fertilizers (сarbamide-ammonia mixture CAM) with potential requirement of agriculture in 2030 about 117 thousand tons of active ingredient. The authors evaluated CAM use under production conditions in various soil and climatic zones of the country. An average increase of grain and row crop productivity at introduction of CAM made 10-15 percent, in comparison with ammonium nitrate, because of more exact dispensing (5 percent), uniform introduction (V is no more than 10 percent) and minimization of losses. An application of CAM under production conditions in JSC KlinAgro in the Moscow region showed high economic efficiency due to mixture contained these mineral fertilizers and plant protection products: labor input cut by 2 times, direct operating cost - by 2.5 times. Herbicide granstar rate can be reduce by 15 percent at its introduction with CAM in the form of mix due to a synergism of initial components. The authors developed machine technologies of the differentiated introduction of the liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF) taking into account soil heterogeneity; introduction of LMF mixed with pesticides and retardants according to the main phases of plants organogenesis and results of vegetable diagnostics and a phytosanitary condition of crops; preparation of solutions and suspensions of fertilizers with a programmable ratio of nutrients for their simultaneous introduction during one pass of the unit.
|
|---|