Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization
The present study aims to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC), black carbon (BC), enzyme activity, and the relationships among these parameters. Paddy field was continuously fertilized over 30 yr with nine different fertilizer treatments including N, P, K,...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913607078 |
| _version_ | 1818596347070119936 |
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| author | Xing-hua SHAO Jian-wei ZHENG |
| author_facet | Xing-hua SHAO Jian-wei ZHENG |
| author_sort | Xing-hua SHAO |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aims to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC), black carbon (BC), enzyme activity, and the relationships among these parameters. Paddy field was continuously fertilized over 30 yr with nine different fertilizer treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK (two-fold NPK), NPK+manure (NPKM), and CK (no fertilization), N, 90 kg urea-N ha−1 yr−1; P, 45 kg triple superphosphate-P2O5 ha−1 yr−1; K, 75 kg potassium chloride-K2O ha−1 yr−1; and pig manure, 22 500 kg ha−1 yr−1. Soil samples were collected and determined for SOC, BC content, and enzyme activity. The results showed that the SOC in the NPKM treatment was significantly higher than those in the K, P, and CK treatments. The lowest SOC content was found in the CK treatment. SOC content was similar in the N, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK, and NPKM treatments. There was no significant difference in BC content among different treatments. The BC-to-SOC ratios (BC/SOC) ranged from 0.50 to 0.63, suggesting that BC might originate from the same source. Regarding enzyme activity, NPK treatment had higher urease activity than NPKM treatment. The urease activity of NPKM treatment was significantly higher than that of 2NPK, NP, N, P, K, CK, and NPKM treatment which produced higher activities of acid phosphatase, catalase, and invertase than all other treatments. Our results indicated that long-term fertilization did not significantly affect BC content. Concurrent application of manure and mineral fertilizers increased SOC content and significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that catalase activity was significantly associated with invertase activity, but SOC, BC, and enzyme activity levels were not significantly correlated with one another. No significant correlations were observed between BC and soil enzymes. It is unknown whether soil enzymes play a role in the decomposition of BC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:30:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4a575215d8c45fd9fd9c644155518f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:30:28Z |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4a575215d8c45fd9fd9c644155518f32022-12-21T22:33:15ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192014-03-01133517524Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term FertilizationXing-hua SHAO0Jian-wei ZHENG1Correspondence SHAO Xing-hua, Mobile: 13361731892; Department of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi 334001, P.R. ChinaDepartment of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Jiangxi 334001, P.R. ChinaThe present study aims to understand the effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC), black carbon (BC), enzyme activity, and the relationships among these parameters. Paddy field was continuously fertilized over 30 yr with nine different fertilizer treatments including N, P, K, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK (two-fold NPK), NPK+manure (NPKM), and CK (no fertilization), N, 90 kg urea-N ha−1 yr−1; P, 45 kg triple superphosphate-P2O5 ha−1 yr−1; K, 75 kg potassium chloride-K2O ha−1 yr−1; and pig manure, 22 500 kg ha−1 yr−1. Soil samples were collected and determined for SOC, BC content, and enzyme activity. The results showed that the SOC in the NPKM treatment was significantly higher than those in the K, P, and CK treatments. The lowest SOC content was found in the CK treatment. SOC content was similar in the N, NP, NK, NPK, 2NPK, and NPKM treatments. There was no significant difference in BC content among different treatments. The BC-to-SOC ratios (BC/SOC) ranged from 0.50 to 0.63, suggesting that BC might originate from the same source. Regarding enzyme activity, NPK treatment had higher urease activity than NPKM treatment. The urease activity of NPKM treatment was significantly higher than that of 2NPK, NP, N, P, K, CK, and NPKM treatment which produced higher activities of acid phosphatase, catalase, and invertase than all other treatments. Our results indicated that long-term fertilization did not significantly affect BC content. Concurrent application of manure and mineral fertilizers increased SOC content and significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that catalase activity was significantly associated with invertase activity, but SOC, BC, and enzyme activity levels were not significantly correlated with one another. No significant correlations were observed between BC and soil enzymes. It is unknown whether soil enzymes play a role in the decomposition of BC.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913607078organic carbonblack carbonenzyme activityfertilization |
| spellingShingle | Xing-hua SHAO Jian-wei ZHENG Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization Journal of Integrative Agriculture organic carbon black carbon enzyme activity fertilization |
| title | Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization |
| title_full | Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization |
| title_fullStr | Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization |
| title_short | Soil Organic Carbon, Black Carbon, and Enzyme Activity Under Long-Term Fertilization |
| title_sort | soil organic carbon black carbon and enzyme activity under long term fertilization |
| topic | organic carbon black carbon enzyme activity fertilization |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311913607078 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xinghuashao soilorganiccarbonblackcarbonandenzymeactivityunderlongtermfertilization AT jianweizheng soilorganiccarbonblackcarbonandenzymeactivityunderlongtermfertilization |