ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers
Due to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/80 |
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| author | Jelena Rupar Danijela Tekić Aleksandra Janošević Ležaić Kush K. Upadhyay |
| author_facet | Jelena Rupar Danijela Tekić Aleksandra Janošević Ležaić Kush K. Upadhyay |
| author_sort | Jelena Rupar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its insufficient durability, and its susceptibility to gas poisoning are the reasons for the constant search for new ORR catalysts. Carbon-based catalysts show exceptional promise in this respect considering economic profitability and activity, and, in addition, they have favorable conductivity and often a large specific surface area. The use of chitin, cellulose, lignin, coconut shell particles, shrimp shells, and even hair for this purpose was reported, as they had similar electrochemical activity regarding Pt. Alginate, a natural polymer and a constituent of brown algae, can be successfully used to obtain carbon materials that catalyze ORR. In addition, metal atomic-level catalysts and metal N-doped porous carbon materials, obtained from sodium alginate as a precursor, have been proposed as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. Except for alginate, other biopolymers have been reported to play an important role in the preparation of ORR catalysts. In this review, recent advances regarding biopolymer-derived ORR catalysts are summarized, with a focus on alginate as a source. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:15:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4a64dfae3f34551ba893b42a9e9852e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:15:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4a64dfae3f34551ba893b42a9e9852e2023-11-30T21:36:55ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442022-12-011318010.3390/catal13010080ORR Catalysts Derived from BiopolymersJelena Rupar0Danijela Tekić1Aleksandra Janošević Ležaić2Kush K. Upadhyay3Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade—Faculty of Physical Chemistry, 11158 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221 Belgrade, SerbiaCentro de Química Estrutural-CQE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalDue to the limited reaction rate of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), it is considered as a limiting factor in the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Platinum is considered the benchmark catalyst for ORR; however, the scarcity of platinum, its high price, the drift phenomenon, its insufficient durability, and its susceptibility to gas poisoning are the reasons for the constant search for new ORR catalysts. Carbon-based catalysts show exceptional promise in this respect considering economic profitability and activity, and, in addition, they have favorable conductivity and often a large specific surface area. The use of chitin, cellulose, lignin, coconut shell particles, shrimp shells, and even hair for this purpose was reported, as they had similar electrochemical activity regarding Pt. Alginate, a natural polymer and a constituent of brown algae, can be successfully used to obtain carbon materials that catalyze ORR. In addition, metal atomic-level catalysts and metal N-doped porous carbon materials, obtained from sodium alginate as a precursor, have been proposed as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. Except for alginate, other biopolymers have been reported to play an important role in the preparation of ORR catalysts. In this review, recent advances regarding biopolymer-derived ORR catalysts are summarized, with a focus on alginate as a source.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/80oxygen reduction reactionbiopolymersalginatecarbon porous catalysts |
| spellingShingle | Jelena Rupar Danijela Tekić Aleksandra Janošević Ležaić Kush K. Upadhyay ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers Catalysts oxygen reduction reaction biopolymers alginate carbon porous catalysts |
| title | ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers |
| title_full | ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers |
| title_fullStr | ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers |
| title_short | ORR Catalysts Derived from Biopolymers |
| title_sort | orr catalysts derived from biopolymers |
| topic | oxygen reduction reaction biopolymers alginate carbon porous catalysts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/1/80 |
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