Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review
Bacteria belonging to the genus <i>Capnocytophaga</i> are thin, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacilli with tapered ends that include nine species that are isolated from the mouth of humans and animals and, from a phylogenetical perspective, they belong to the family <i>Flavobacteriace...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/382 |
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| author | Despoina Spentzouri Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou |
| author_facet | Despoina Spentzouri Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou |
| author_sort | Despoina Spentzouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteria belonging to the genus <i>Capnocytophaga</i> are thin, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacilli with tapered ends that include nine species that are isolated from the mouth of humans and animals and, from a phylogenetical perspective, they belong to the family <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i>. Two more species, namely <i>C. endodontalis</i> and <i>C. stomatis</i> have been recovered from a periapical abscess and human and animal infections, respectively. <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. can cause serious and potentially life-threatening infections in humans, such as bacteremia and meningitis, most commonly in the context of penetrating trauma as a result of contact with animals, especially after animal bites. Other invasive diseases such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and infective endocarditis (IE) may also occur more rarely. The aim of this study was to review all previously described cases of IE by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. and provide information about the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this infection. A narrative review based on a search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed. Studies published until 11 September 2023 providing relevant data for IE caused by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. in humans were included. A total of 31 studies containing data from 31 patients were included. A history of dog bites was present in 10 out of 26 patients (38.5%). A prosthetic valve was present in 3 patients (9.7%). The most commonly infected valve was the aortic valve, followed by the tricuspid valve. Fever, embolic phenomena, paravalvular abscess, and sepsis were the most common clinical presentations. Beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were the antimicrobials most commonly used. Surgery was performed in 20 patients (64.5%). Overall mortality reached 16.1%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4a73132f8b54846adc094ddaa424a00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4a73132f8b54846adc094ddaa424a002024-03-27T13:53:27ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-02-0160338210.3390/medicina60030382Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative ReviewDespoina Spentzouri0Stella Baliou1Petros Ioannou2Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, GreeceSchool of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceSchool of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, GreeceBacteria belonging to the genus <i>Capnocytophaga</i> are thin, capnophilic, Gram-negative bacilli with tapered ends that include nine species that are isolated from the mouth of humans and animals and, from a phylogenetical perspective, they belong to the family <i>Flavobacteriaceae</i>. Two more species, namely <i>C. endodontalis</i> and <i>C. stomatis</i> have been recovered from a periapical abscess and human and animal infections, respectively. <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. can cause serious and potentially life-threatening infections in humans, such as bacteremia and meningitis, most commonly in the context of penetrating trauma as a result of contact with animals, especially after animal bites. Other invasive diseases such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and infective endocarditis (IE) may also occur more rarely. The aim of this study was to review all previously described cases of IE by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. and provide information about the epidemiology, microbiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this infection. A narrative review based on a search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed. Studies published until 11 September 2023 providing relevant data for IE caused by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. in humans were included. A total of 31 studies containing data from 31 patients were included. A history of dog bites was present in 10 out of 26 patients (38.5%). A prosthetic valve was present in 3 patients (9.7%). The most commonly infected valve was the aortic valve, followed by the tricuspid valve. Fever, embolic phenomena, paravalvular abscess, and sepsis were the most common clinical presentations. Beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were the antimicrobials most commonly used. Surgery was performed in 20 patients (64.5%). Overall mortality reached 16.1%.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/382infective endocarditis<i>Capnocytophaga</i><i>Capnocytophaga canimorsus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Despoina Spentzouri Stella Baliou Petros Ioannou Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review Medicina infective endocarditis <i>Capnocytophaga</i> <i>Capnocytophaga canimorsus</i> |
| title | Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Infective Endocarditis by <i>Capnocytophaga</i> Species—A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | infective endocarditis by i capnocytophaga i species a narrative review |
| topic | infective endocarditis <i>Capnocytophaga</i> <i>Capnocytophaga canimorsus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/382 |
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