| Summary: | Tuber dry rot is an important disease of potato caused by soil and seed-borne pathogens of the <i>Fusarium</i> genus leading to losses that may reach 60% of the yield. The goal of this work was to study the inheritance of the dry rot resistance in two diploid potato hybrid populations (11–36 and 12–3) with complex pedigrees, including several wild <i>Solanum</i> spp. We used an aggressive isolate of <i>F. sambucinum</i> for phenotyping both progenies, parents, and standard potato cultivars in laboratory tuber tests, in three subsequent years. The QTL for dry rot resistance were mapped by interval mapping on existing genetic maps of both mapping populations. The most important and reproducible QTL for this trait was mapped on chromosome I and additional year- and population-specific QTL were mapped on chromosomes II, VII, IX, XI, and XII, confirming polygenic control of this resistance. This is the first study mapping the loci affecting tuber dry rot resistance in potato genome that can contribute to better understanding of potato-<i>F. sambucinum</i> interaction and to more efficient breeding of resistant potato cultivars.
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