The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is regarded as the bridge between bio-refinery and the traditional petroleum industry. In recent years, non-precious metal-based catalysts for LA hydrogenation to GVL have attracted much attention owing to their low cost and high efficien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/8093 |
| _version_ | 1797468450920071168 |
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| author | Ying Yang Yuhang Sun Xinruo Luo |
| author_facet | Ying Yang Yuhang Sun Xinruo Luo |
| author_sort | Ying Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is regarded as the bridge between bio-refinery and the traditional petroleum industry. In recent years, non-precious metal-based catalysts for LA hydrogenation to GVL have attracted much attention owing to their low cost and high efficiency. Metal-involving catalytic hydrogenation of LA is the rate-determining step in the production of GVL, and thus the active site structure of metal-based catalysts governs the overall catalytic performance. Herein, non-precious metal-based catalytic systems including Cu, Zr, Co and Ni are classified into single metal (M = Ni, Cu and Co), bimetallic (Cu–Ni, Ag–Ni, Cu–Co and Co–Zn), metal-heteroatom (M–O and M–N) and heterostructured (CePO<sub>4</sub>/CoP<sub>2</sub> and Ni/NiO) catalysts according to the type of active site structure. The correlation of active site structure with catalytic activity is discussed emphatically, and its relationship with stability is also referred to in terms of strong metal–support interaction, bimetallic synergism, core–shell structure and heterojunction. This review provides an important guide for the rational design of high-performance non-precious metal-based catalysts for the LA-to-GVL process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:06:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4b077fe3a9b4d4e83163660267182e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:06:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4b077fe3a9b4d4e83163660267182e62023-11-24T04:31:41ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-10-011521809310.3390/en15218093The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A ReviewYing Yang0Yuhang Sun1Xinruo Luo2State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, ChinaHydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is regarded as the bridge between bio-refinery and the traditional petroleum industry. In recent years, non-precious metal-based catalysts for LA hydrogenation to GVL have attracted much attention owing to their low cost and high efficiency. Metal-involving catalytic hydrogenation of LA is the rate-determining step in the production of GVL, and thus the active site structure of metal-based catalysts governs the overall catalytic performance. Herein, non-precious metal-based catalytic systems including Cu, Zr, Co and Ni are classified into single metal (M = Ni, Cu and Co), bimetallic (Cu–Ni, Ag–Ni, Cu–Co and Co–Zn), metal-heteroatom (M–O and M–N) and heterostructured (CePO<sub>4</sub>/CoP<sub>2</sub> and Ni/NiO) catalysts according to the type of active site structure. The correlation of active site structure with catalytic activity is discussed emphatically, and its relationship with stability is also referred to in terms of strong metal–support interaction, bimetallic synergism, core–shell structure and heterojunction. This review provides an important guide for the rational design of high-performance non-precious metal-based catalysts for the LA-to-GVL process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/8093non-precious metallevulinic acidγ-valerolactoneactivitystabilitystructure–property relationship |
| spellingShingle | Ying Yang Yuhang Sun Xinruo Luo The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review Energies non-precious metal levulinic acid γ-valerolactone activity stability structure–property relationship |
| title | The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review |
| title_full | The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review |
| title_short | The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review |
| title_sort | relationship between structure and catalytic activity stability of non precious metal based catalysts towards levulinic acid hydrogenation to γ valerolactone a review |
| topic | non-precious metal levulinic acid γ-valerolactone activity stability structure–property relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/8093 |
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