Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19
BackgroundThe values of viral load in COVID-19 disease have gained relevance, seeking to understand its prognostic value and its behavior in the course of the disease, although there have been no conclusive results. In this study we sought to analyze serum viral load as a predictor of clinical outco...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060840/full |
| _version_ | 1797961865007988736 |
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| author | Mauricio Kuri-Ayache Andrea Rivera-Cavazos Andrea Rivera-Cavazos María Fátima Pérez-Castillo María Fátima Pérez-Castillo Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Arnulfo González-Cantú Arnulfo González-Cantú José Antonio Luviano-García José Antonio Luviano-García Diego Jaime-Villalón Dalia Gutierrez-González Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia |
| author_facet | Mauricio Kuri-Ayache Andrea Rivera-Cavazos Andrea Rivera-Cavazos María Fátima Pérez-Castillo María Fátima Pérez-Castillo Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Arnulfo González-Cantú Arnulfo González-Cantú José Antonio Luviano-García José Antonio Luviano-García Diego Jaime-Villalón Dalia Gutierrez-González Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia |
| author_sort | Mauricio Kuri-Ayache |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe values of viral load in COVID-19 disease have gained relevance, seeking to understand its prognostic value and its behavior in the course of the disease, although there have been no conclusive results. In this study we sought to analyze serum viral load as a predictor of clinical outcome of the disease, as well as its association with inflammatory markers.MethodsAn observational and retrospective study in a private hospital in North Mexico, patients with SARS-COV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were followed through clinical outcome, viral load measurement, quantification of inflammatory markers and lymphocyte subpopulations. For the analysis, multiple regression models were performed. Results: We studied 105 patients [47 (SD 1.46) years old, 68.6% men]. After analysis with multiple regression models, there was an association between viral load at admission and vaccination schedule (β-value=-0.279, p= 0.007), age (β-value= 0.010, p = 0.050), mechanical ventilation (β-value= 0.872, p = 0.007), lactate dehydrogenase (β-value= 1.712, p= 0.004), D-dimer values at admission (β-value= 0.847, p= 0.013) and subpopulation of B lymphocytes at admission (β-value= -0.527, p= 0.042). There was no association with days of hospitalization, use of nasal prongs or high flux mask. Peak viral load (10 days after symptoms onset) was associated with peak IL-6 (β-value= 0.470, p= 0.011). Peak viral load matched with peak procalcitonin and minimal lymphocyte values. C-reactive protein peak was before the peak of viral load. The minimum value viral load was documented on day 12 after symptom onset; it matched with the minimum values of IL-6 and ferritin, and the peak of D-dimer.ConclusionsSARS-COV-2 admission viral load is associated with vaccination status, mechanical ventilation, and different inflammatory markers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:04:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4bc4e4b9386493db7347c30ed30fbd4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:04:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4bc4e4b9386493db7347c30ed30fbd42023-01-04T13:26:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10608401060840Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19Mauricio Kuri-Ayache0Andrea Rivera-Cavazos1Andrea Rivera-Cavazos2María Fátima Pérez-Castillo3María Fátima Pérez-Castillo4Juan Enrique Santos-Macías5Juan Enrique Santos-Macías6Arnulfo González-Cantú7Arnulfo González-Cantú8José Antonio Luviano-García9José Antonio Luviano-García10Diego Jaime-Villalón11Dalia Gutierrez-González12Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia13Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia14Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoVicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, MexicoResearch Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoVicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, MexicoResearch Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoVicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, MexicoInternal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoResearch Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoEndocrinology Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoVicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, MexicoInternal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoInfectology Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoResearch Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoVicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, MexicoResearch Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, MexicoBackgroundThe values of viral load in COVID-19 disease have gained relevance, seeking to understand its prognostic value and its behavior in the course of the disease, although there have been no conclusive results. In this study we sought to analyze serum viral load as a predictor of clinical outcome of the disease, as well as its association with inflammatory markers.MethodsAn observational and retrospective study in a private hospital in North Mexico, patients with SARS-COV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were followed through clinical outcome, viral load measurement, quantification of inflammatory markers and lymphocyte subpopulations. For the analysis, multiple regression models were performed. Results: We studied 105 patients [47 (SD 1.46) years old, 68.6% men]. After analysis with multiple regression models, there was an association between viral load at admission and vaccination schedule (β-value=-0.279, p= 0.007), age (β-value= 0.010, p = 0.050), mechanical ventilation (β-value= 0.872, p = 0.007), lactate dehydrogenase (β-value= 1.712, p= 0.004), D-dimer values at admission (β-value= 0.847, p= 0.013) and subpopulation of B lymphocytes at admission (β-value= -0.527, p= 0.042). There was no association with days of hospitalization, use of nasal prongs or high flux mask. Peak viral load (10 days after symptoms onset) was associated with peak IL-6 (β-value= 0.470, p= 0.011). Peak viral load matched with peak procalcitonin and minimal lymphocyte values. C-reactive protein peak was before the peak of viral load. The minimum value viral load was documented on day 12 after symptom onset; it matched with the minimum values of IL-6 and ferritin, and the peak of D-dimer.ConclusionsSARS-COV-2 admission viral load is associated with vaccination status, mechanical ventilation, and different inflammatory markers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060840/fullSARS-Cov-2coronavirus infectionviral loadlactate dehidrogenaseD dimerinterleukein-6 |
| spellingShingle | Mauricio Kuri-Ayache Andrea Rivera-Cavazos Andrea Rivera-Cavazos María Fátima Pérez-Castillo María Fátima Pérez-Castillo Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Juan Enrique Santos-Macías Arnulfo González-Cantú Arnulfo González-Cantú José Antonio Luviano-García José Antonio Luviano-García Diego Jaime-Villalón Dalia Gutierrez-González Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 Frontiers in Immunology SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus infection viral load lactate dehidrogenase D dimer interleukein-6 |
| title | Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 |
| title_full | Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 |
| title_short | Viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 |
| title_sort | viral load and its relationship with the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes in hospitalization of patients with covid 19 |
| topic | SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus infection viral load lactate dehidrogenase D dimer interleukein-6 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1060840/full |
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