The human factor H protein family – an update
Complement is an ancient and complex network of the immune system and, as such, it plays vital physiological roles, but it is also involved in numerous pathological processes. The proper regulation of the complement system is important to allow its sufficient and targeted activity without deleteriou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1135490/full |
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| author | Noémi Sándor Noémi Sándor Andrea E. Schneider Alexandra T. Matola Veronika H. Barbai Dániel Bencze Hani Hashim Hammad Alexandra Papp Dorottya Kövesdi Dorottya Kövesdi Barbara Uzonyi Barbara Uzonyi Mihály Józsi Mihály Józsi |
| author_facet | Noémi Sándor Noémi Sándor Andrea E. Schneider Alexandra T. Matola Veronika H. Barbai Dániel Bencze Hani Hashim Hammad Alexandra Papp Dorottya Kövesdi Dorottya Kövesdi Barbara Uzonyi Barbara Uzonyi Mihály Józsi Mihály Józsi |
| author_sort | Noémi Sándor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Complement is an ancient and complex network of the immune system and, as such, it plays vital physiological roles, but it is also involved in numerous pathological processes. The proper regulation of the complement system is important to allow its sufficient and targeted activity without deleterious side-effects. Factor H is a major complement regulator, and together with its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 and the five human factor H-related (FHR) proteins, they have been linked to various diseases. The role of factor H in inhibiting complement activation is well studied, but the function of the FHRs is less characterized. Current evidence supports the main role of the FHRs as enhancers of complement activation and opsonization, i.e., counter-balancing the inhibitory effect of factor H. FHRs emerge as soluble pattern recognition molecules and positive regulators of the complement system. In addition, factor H and some of the FHR proteins were shown to modulate the activity of immune cells, a non-canonical function outside the complement cascade. Recent efforts have intensified to study factor H and the FHRs and develop new tools for the distinction, quantification and functional characterization of members of this protein family. Here, we provide an update and overview on the versatile roles of factor H family proteins, what we know about their biological functions in healthy conditions and in diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:24:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4be08de11fc41498596bf120cd3f77e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:24:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4be08de11fc41498596bf120cd3f77e2024-02-12T04:15:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-02-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.11354901135490The human factor H protein family – an updateNoémi Sándor0Noémi Sándor1Andrea E. Schneider2Alexandra T. Matola3Veronika H. Barbai4Dániel Bencze5Hani Hashim Hammad6Alexandra Papp7Dorottya Kövesdi8Dorottya Kövesdi9Barbara Uzonyi10Barbara Uzonyi11Mihály Józsi12Mihály Józsi13Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryHUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryHUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryHUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, HungaryHUN-REN-ELTE Complement Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Budapest, HungaryComplement is an ancient and complex network of the immune system and, as such, it plays vital physiological roles, but it is also involved in numerous pathological processes. The proper regulation of the complement system is important to allow its sufficient and targeted activity without deleterious side-effects. Factor H is a major complement regulator, and together with its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 and the five human factor H-related (FHR) proteins, they have been linked to various diseases. The role of factor H in inhibiting complement activation is well studied, but the function of the FHRs is less characterized. Current evidence supports the main role of the FHRs as enhancers of complement activation and opsonization, i.e., counter-balancing the inhibitory effect of factor H. FHRs emerge as soluble pattern recognition molecules and positive regulators of the complement system. In addition, factor H and some of the FHR proteins were shown to modulate the activity of immune cells, a non-canonical function outside the complement cascade. Recent efforts have intensified to study factor H and the FHRs and develop new tools for the distinction, quantification and functional characterization of members of this protein family. Here, we provide an update and overview on the versatile roles of factor H family proteins, what we know about their biological functions in healthy conditions and in diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1135490/fullFactor Hfactor H-related proteinscomplement alternative pathwayinfectioninflammationcancer |
| spellingShingle | Noémi Sándor Noémi Sándor Andrea E. Schneider Alexandra T. Matola Veronika H. Barbai Dániel Bencze Hani Hashim Hammad Alexandra Papp Dorottya Kövesdi Dorottya Kövesdi Barbara Uzonyi Barbara Uzonyi Mihály Józsi Mihály Józsi The human factor H protein family – an update Frontiers in Immunology Factor H factor H-related proteins complement alternative pathway infection inflammation cancer |
| title | The human factor H protein family – an update |
| title_full | The human factor H protein family – an update |
| title_fullStr | The human factor H protein family – an update |
| title_full_unstemmed | The human factor H protein family – an update |
| title_short | The human factor H protein family – an update |
| title_sort | human factor h protein family an update |
| topic | Factor H factor H-related proteins complement alternative pathway infection inflammation cancer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1135490/full |
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