Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhib...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/58 |
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| author | Jonathan M. Banks Kristelle J. Capistrano Daniela A. Brandini Filza Zaidi Pari Thakkar Rani Rahat Joel Schwartz Afsar R. Naqvi |
| author_facet | Jonathan M. Banks Kristelle J. Capistrano Daniela A. Brandini Filza Zaidi Pari Thakkar Rani Rahat Joel Schwartz Afsar R. Naqvi |
| author_sort | Jonathan M. Banks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called “cytokine storm syndrome”, facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4be6de4756d4499880af4a8f7e7eecb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4be6de4756d4499880af4a8f7e7eecb2024-01-26T18:03:44ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-01-011315810.3390/pathogens13010058Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory DiseasesJonathan M. Banks0Kristelle J. Capistrano1Daniela A. Brandini2Filza Zaidi3Pari Thakkar4Rani Rahat5Joel Schwartz6Afsar R. Naqvi7Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilDepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USAThe oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called “cytokine storm syndrome”, facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/58herpesvirusSARS-CoV-2oral inflammationperiodontitisgingivitisperi-implantitis |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan M. Banks Kristelle J. Capistrano Daniela A. Brandini Filza Zaidi Pari Thakkar Rani Rahat Joel Schwartz Afsar R. Naqvi Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases Pathogens herpesvirus SARS-CoV-2 oral inflammation periodontitis gingivitis peri-implantitis |
| title | Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full | Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_short | Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases |
| title_sort | herpesviruses and sars cov 2 viral association with oral inflammatory diseases |
| topic | herpesvirus SARS-CoV-2 oral inflammation periodontitis gingivitis peri-implantitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/58 |
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