Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role?
Barrier islands are indicators of coastal resilience. Previous studies have proven that barrier islands are surprisingly resilient to extreme storm events. At present, little is known about barrier systems’ resilience to seismic events triggering tsunamis, co-seismic subsidence, and liquefaction. Th...
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/2/178 |
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| author | Ella Meilianda Franck Lavigne Biswajeet Pradhan Patrick Wassmer Darusman Darusman Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen |
| author_facet | Ella Meilianda Franck Lavigne Biswajeet Pradhan Patrick Wassmer Darusman Darusman Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen |
| author_sort | Ella Meilianda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barrier islands are indicators of coastal resilience. Previous studies have proven that barrier islands are surprisingly resilient to extreme storm events. At present, little is known about barrier systems’ resilience to seismic events triggering tsunamis, co-seismic subsidence, and liquefaction. The objective of this study is, therefore, to investigate the morphological resilience of the barrier islands in responding to those secondary effects of seismic activity of the Sumatra–Andaman subduction zone and the Great Sumatran Fault system. Spatial analysis in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was utilized to detect shoreline changes from the multi-source datasets of centennial time scale, including old topographic maps and satellite images from 1898 until 2017. Additionally, the earthquake and tsunami records and established conceptual models of storm effects to barrier systems, are corroborated to support possible forcing factors analysis. Two selected coastal sections possess different geomorphic settings are investigated: (1) Lambadeuk, the coast overlying the Sumatran Fault system, (2) Kuala Gigieng, located in between two segments of the Sumatran Fault System. Seven consecutive pairs of comparable old topographic maps and satellite images reveal remarkable morphological changes in the form of breaching, landward migrating, sinking, and complete disappearing in different periods of observation. While semi-protected embayed Lambadeuk is not resilient to repeated co-seismic land subsidence, the wave-dominated Kuala Gigieng coast is not resilient to the combination of tsunami and liquefaction events. The mega-tsunami triggered by the 2004 earthquake led to irreversible changes in the barrier islands on both coasts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:53:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4c6155cf1b14daab4cadbe93a5f49c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:53:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4c6155cf1b14daab4cadbe93a5f49c02023-12-03T13:08:28ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-01-0113217810.3390/w13020178Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role?Ella Meilianda0Franck Lavigne1Biswajeet Pradhan2Patrick Wassmer3Darusman Darusman4Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen5Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23233, IndonesiaGeography Department, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75005 Paris, FranceCentre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, AustraliaLaboratoire de Geographie Physique, UMR 8591 CNRS, 1 Place A. Briand, 92190 Meudon, FrancePost-Graduate School, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaWater Engineering & Management (WEM), Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsBarrier islands are indicators of coastal resilience. Previous studies have proven that barrier islands are surprisingly resilient to extreme storm events. At present, little is known about barrier systems’ resilience to seismic events triggering tsunamis, co-seismic subsidence, and liquefaction. The objective of this study is, therefore, to investigate the morphological resilience of the barrier islands in responding to those secondary effects of seismic activity of the Sumatra–Andaman subduction zone and the Great Sumatran Fault system. Spatial analysis in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was utilized to detect shoreline changes from the multi-source datasets of centennial time scale, including old topographic maps and satellite images from 1898 until 2017. Additionally, the earthquake and tsunami records and established conceptual models of storm effects to barrier systems, are corroborated to support possible forcing factors analysis. Two selected coastal sections possess different geomorphic settings are investigated: (1) Lambadeuk, the coast overlying the Sumatran Fault system, (2) Kuala Gigieng, located in between two segments of the Sumatran Fault System. Seven consecutive pairs of comparable old topographic maps and satellite images reveal remarkable morphological changes in the form of breaching, landward migrating, sinking, and complete disappearing in different periods of observation. While semi-protected embayed Lambadeuk is not resilient to repeated co-seismic land subsidence, the wave-dominated Kuala Gigieng coast is not resilient to the combination of tsunami and liquefaction events. The mega-tsunami triggered by the 2004 earthquake led to irreversible changes in the barrier islands on both coasts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/2/178Sumatrabarrier islandearthquaketsunamiland subsidenceliquefaction |
| spellingShingle | Ella Meilianda Franck Lavigne Biswajeet Pradhan Patrick Wassmer Darusman Darusman Marjolein Dohmen-Janssen Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? Water Sumatra barrier island earthquake tsunami land subsidence liquefaction |
| title | Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? |
| title_full | Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? |
| title_fullStr | Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? |
| title_short | Barrier Islands Resilience to Extreme Events: Do Earthquake and Tsunami Play a Role? |
| title_sort | barrier islands resilience to extreme events do earthquake and tsunami play a role |
| topic | Sumatra barrier island earthquake tsunami land subsidence liquefaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/2/178 |
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