The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/1/35 |
| _version_ | 1797496388765876224 |
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| author | Basit Zeshan Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Nadia Afzal Amer Siddiq Sakeenabi Basha Syed Nahid Basheer Syed Wali Peeran Mohammed Mustafa Nur Hardy A. Daud Naveed Ahmed Chan Yean Yean Tahir Yusuf Noorani |
| author_facet | Basit Zeshan Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Nadia Afzal Amer Siddiq Sakeenabi Basha Syed Nahid Basheer Syed Wali Peeran Mohammed Mustafa Nur Hardy A. Daud Naveed Ahmed Chan Yean Yean Tahir Yusuf Noorani |
| author_sort | Basit Zeshan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common pathogens were <i>E. coli</i> (32%) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (17%). Most <i>E. coli</i> were resistant to ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%). <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> were more resistant to ampicillin (13.3%) and amoxycillin (12.0%). The most common comorbidity was chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Around 17 different types of antibiotic, the carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, and quinolones, were highly prevalent in ICU patients. The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients in SICUs and the AMR rates, especially with different comorbidities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4d09a66bb7f4f5ca05c8f567afb479d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:02:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4d09a66bb7f4f5ca05c8f567afb479d2023-11-23T12:43:01ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-12-011113510.3390/antibiotics11010035The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial ResistanceBasit Zeshan0Mohmed Isaqali Karobari1Nadia Afzal2Amer Siddiq3Sakeenabi Basha4Syed Nahid Basheer5Syed Wali Peeran6Mohammed Mustafa7Nur Hardy A. Daud8Naveed Ahmed9Chan Yean Yean10Tahir Yusuf Noorani11Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 540000, PakistanConservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaBasic Health Unit Hospital (BHU) Mora, Tehsil and District Nankana Sahib, Nankana Sahib 39100, PakistanFaculty of Medicine, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, PakistanDepartment of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Periodontics, Armed Forces Hospital Jizan, Jazan 82722, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan Campus, Locked Bag No.3, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, MalaysiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 540000, PakistanDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaConservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue that plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients. It also becomes a serious threat to the successful treatment of many bacterial infections. The widespread and irrelevant use of antibiotics in hospitals and local clinics is the leading cause of AMR. Under this scenario, the study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, from 2 August 2021 to 31 October 2021 to discover the prevalence of bacterial infections and AMR rates in COVID-19 patients admitted in surgical intensive care units (SICUs). Clinical samples were collected from the patients and we proceeded to identify bacterial isolates, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The data of other comorbidities were also collected from the patient’s medical record. The current study showed that the most common pathogens were <i>E. coli</i> (32%) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (17%). Most <i>E. coli</i> were resistant to ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%). <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> were more resistant to ampicillin (13.3%) and amoxycillin (12.0%). The most common comorbidity was chronic kidney disease (CKD) and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Around 17 different types of antibiotic, the carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycoside, and quinolones, were highly prevalent in ICU patients. The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients in SICUs and the AMR rates, especially with different comorbidities.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/1/35antibiotic susceptibilityantimicrobial resistance patternantimicrobial stewardshipcomorbidityCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Basit Zeshan Mohmed Isaqali Karobari Nadia Afzal Amer Siddiq Sakeenabi Basha Syed Nahid Basheer Syed Wali Peeran Mohammed Mustafa Nur Hardy A. Daud Naveed Ahmed Chan Yean Yean Tahir Yusuf Noorani The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance Antibiotics antibiotic susceptibility antimicrobial resistance pattern antimicrobial stewardship comorbidity COVID-19 |
| title | The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full | The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_fullStr | The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_short | The Usage of Antibiotics by COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities: The Risk of Increased Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_sort | usage of antibiotics by covid 19 patients with comorbidities the risk of increased antimicrobial resistance |
| topic | antibiotic susceptibility antimicrobial resistance pattern antimicrobial stewardship comorbidity COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/1/35 |
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