Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>)
The intended or unintentional transport of soil material contaminated with weed seeds is one of the most important drivers in the spreading dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs). This phenomenon can be observed at any kind of construction site. Typical transfer of soil contaminated with IAP seeds...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/341 |
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| author | Rea Maria Hall Bernhard Urban Nora Durec Katharina Renner-Martin Hans-Peter Kaul Helmut Wagentristl Gerhard Karrer |
| author_facet | Rea Maria Hall Bernhard Urban Nora Durec Katharina Renner-Martin Hans-Peter Kaul Helmut Wagentristl Gerhard Karrer |
| author_sort | Rea Maria Hall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intended or unintentional transport of soil material contaminated with weed seeds is one of the most important drivers in the spreading dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs). This phenomenon can be observed at any kind of construction site. Typical transfer of soil contaminated with IAP seeds can be observed along with road construction (soil translocation) or road maintenance services (deposit of mown plant biomass). Thus, an effective inactivation of these seeds by heating can avoid the spread of IAPs substantially. In the present study, the effects of various thermal control techniques (dry air heating and wet heating with hot steam, hot water, and hot foam) on seed survival of the widespread European IAPs common ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), narrow-leaved ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>), and giant hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) are discussed. Dry and wet seeds which were either uncovered or covered with soil were tested for survival at different treatment temperatures and different exposure times. Results revealed that particularly dry seeds of all three species could withstand temperatures of 100 °C for at least 6 h in climate chambers. Dry seeds of common ragweed and narrow-leaved ragwort survived exposure times of up to 48 h. Wet seeds were significantly more susceptible to heat treatments. Giant hogweed seeds were completely killed after 12 h at 70 °C. The exposure of IAP seeds to hot water was generally more effective than the treatment with hot steam. The treatment with hot foam was only effective when seeds were lying unprotected on the soil surface. Dry seeds of all the three species survived hot foam application in the field when they were covered by vegetation and leaf litter or soil. Due to the robustness of the seeds, a preventive management of IAPs by an efficient control before seeds formation is substantial to avoid their further dispersal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4d95a40d10c4dc1a5d37cf02df68f2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4d95a40d10c4dc1a5d37cf02df68f2c2024-02-09T15:20:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-01-0113334110.3390/plants13030341Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>)Rea Maria Hall0Bernhard Urban1Nora Durec2Katharina Renner-Martin3Hans-Peter Kaul4Helmut Wagentristl5Gerhard Karrer6Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, AustriaInstitute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, AustriaInstitute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, AustriaInstitute of Mathematics, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, AustriaExperimental Farm, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 2301 Groß-Enzersdorf, AustriaInstitute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, 1180 Vienna, AustriaThe intended or unintentional transport of soil material contaminated with weed seeds is one of the most important drivers in the spreading dynamics of invasive alien plants (IAPs). This phenomenon can be observed at any kind of construction site. Typical transfer of soil contaminated with IAP seeds can be observed along with road construction (soil translocation) or road maintenance services (deposit of mown plant biomass). Thus, an effective inactivation of these seeds by heating can avoid the spread of IAPs substantially. In the present study, the effects of various thermal control techniques (dry air heating and wet heating with hot steam, hot water, and hot foam) on seed survival of the widespread European IAPs common ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), narrow-leaved ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>), and giant hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) are discussed. Dry and wet seeds which were either uncovered or covered with soil were tested for survival at different treatment temperatures and different exposure times. Results revealed that particularly dry seeds of all three species could withstand temperatures of 100 °C for at least 6 h in climate chambers. Dry seeds of common ragweed and narrow-leaved ragwort survived exposure times of up to 48 h. Wet seeds were significantly more susceptible to heat treatments. Giant hogweed seeds were completely killed after 12 h at 70 °C. The exposure of IAP seeds to hot water was generally more effective than the treatment with hot steam. The treatment with hot foam was only effective when seeds were lying unprotected on the soil surface. Dry seeds of all the three species survived hot foam application in the field when they were covered by vegetation and leaf litter or soil. Due to the robustness of the seeds, a preventive management of IAPs by an efficient control before seeds formation is substantial to avoid their further dispersal.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/341hot airhot waterhot steamhot foamseed intentional deteriorationinvasive alien species |
| spellingShingle | Rea Maria Hall Bernhard Urban Nora Durec Katharina Renner-Martin Hans-Peter Kaul Helmut Wagentristl Gerhard Karrer Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) Plants hot air hot water hot steam hot foam seed intentional deterioration invasive alien species |
| title | Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) |
| title_full | Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) |
| title_short | Heat Treatment of Seeds to Control Invasive Common Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i>), Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (<i>Senecio inaequidens</i>) and Giant Hogweed (<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i>) |
| title_sort | heat treatment of seeds to control invasive common ragweed i ambrosia artemisiifolia i narrow leaved ragwort i senecio inaequidens i and giant hogweed i heracleum mantegazzianum i |
| topic | hot air hot water hot steam hot foam seed intentional deterioration invasive alien species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/3/341 |
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