New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches
In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, <i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>, were tested for their chemical composition and biological abilities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| author | Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez Antonio Ruiz-Medina Gokhan Zengin Gunes Ak Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Gizem Emre Giustino Orlando Maria Loreta Libero Nilofar Alessandra Acquaviva Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Luigi Menghini Claudio Ferrante Luigi Brunetti Lucia Recinella Sheila Leone Mohamad Ali Shariati Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba Annalisa Chiavaroli |
| author_facet | Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez Antonio Ruiz-Medina Gokhan Zengin Gunes Ak Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Gizem Emre Giustino Orlando Maria Loreta Libero Nilofar Alessandra Acquaviva Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Luigi Menghini Claudio Ferrante Luigi Brunetti Lucia Recinella Sheila Leone Mohamad Ali Shariati Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba Annalisa Chiavaroli |
| author_sort | Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, <i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>, were tested for their chemical composition and biological abilities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects). The extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 83.43–127.52 mg GAE/g and 9.41–46.34 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid to be a major component of the studied extracts (15.85–26.43%). The best ABTS radical scavenging ability was observed in the methanol extract of <i>T. capitata</i> with 379.11 mg TE/g, followed by in the methanol extract of <i>T. sipylus</i> (360.93 mg TE/g). In the CUPRAC assay, the highest reducing ability was also found in the methanol extract of <i>T. capitata</i> with 802.22 mg TE/g. The phosphomolybdenum ability ranged from 2.39 to 3.61 mmol TE/g. In terms of tyrosinase inhibitory effects, the tested methanol extracts (83.18–89.66 mg KAE/g) were higher than the tested water extracts (18.74–19.11 mg KAE/g). Regarding the BChE inhibitory effects, the methanol extracts were active on the enzyme while the water extracts showed no inhibitory effect on it. Overall, the methanolic extracts showed better enzyme inhibition compared to the infusion extracts. Molecular docking also showed the selected exhibited potential binding affinities with all enzymes, with a preference for cholinesterases. Additionally, the extracts were effective in attenuating the LPS-induced increase in COX-2 and IL-6 gene expression in isolated colon, thus indicating promising anti-inflammatory effects. The preliminary results of this study suggest that these species are good natural sources of antioxidants and also provide some scope as enzyme inhibitors, most likely due to their bioactive contents such as phenolic acids, and thus can be exploited for different applications related to health promotion and disease prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:02:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4e6d25c4125449cb07aee3d60efbde6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:02:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4e6d25c4125449cb07aee3d60efbde62023-11-24T17:01:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012724902910.3390/molecules27249029New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo ApproachesEulogio J. Llorent-Martínez0Antonio Ruiz-Medina1Gokhan Zengin2Gunes Ak3Sharmeen Jugreet4Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally5Gizem Emre6Giustino Orlando7Maria Loreta Libero8Nilofar9Alessandra Acquaviva10Simonetta Cristina Di Simone11Luigi Menghini12Claudio Ferrante13Luigi Brunetti14Lucia Recinella15Sheila Leone16Mohamad Ali Shariati17Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba18Annalisa Chiavaroli19Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, SpainDepartment of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071 Jaén, SpainDepartment of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42300, TurkeyDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, MauritiusDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, MauritiusDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, TurkeyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, Moscow 109004, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul 34083, TurkeyBotanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, Department of Pharmacy, “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyIn this study, the methanolic and infusion extracts of two species, <i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>, were tested for their chemical composition and biological abilities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects). The extracts yielded total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 83.43–127.52 mg GAE/g and 9.41–46.34 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid to be a major component of the studied extracts (15.85–26.43%). The best ABTS radical scavenging ability was observed in the methanol extract of <i>T. capitata</i> with 379.11 mg TE/g, followed by in the methanol extract of <i>T. sipylus</i> (360.93 mg TE/g). In the CUPRAC assay, the highest reducing ability was also found in the methanol extract of <i>T. capitata</i> with 802.22 mg TE/g. The phosphomolybdenum ability ranged from 2.39 to 3.61 mmol TE/g. In terms of tyrosinase inhibitory effects, the tested methanol extracts (83.18–89.66 mg KAE/g) were higher than the tested water extracts (18.74–19.11 mg KAE/g). Regarding the BChE inhibitory effects, the methanol extracts were active on the enzyme while the water extracts showed no inhibitory effect on it. Overall, the methanolic extracts showed better enzyme inhibition compared to the infusion extracts. Molecular docking also showed the selected exhibited potential binding affinities with all enzymes, with a preference for cholinesterases. Additionally, the extracts were effective in attenuating the LPS-induced increase in COX-2 and IL-6 gene expression in isolated colon, thus indicating promising anti-inflammatory effects. The preliminary results of this study suggest that these species are good natural sources of antioxidants and also provide some scope as enzyme inhibitors, most likely due to their bioactive contents such as phenolic acids, and thus can be exploited for different applications related to health promotion and disease prevention.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/9029<i>Thymbra capitata</i><i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>phenolicflavonoidantioxidantenzyme inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez Antonio Ruiz-Medina Gokhan Zengin Gunes Ak Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Gizem Emre Giustino Orlando Maria Loreta Libero Nilofar Alessandra Acquaviva Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Luigi Menghini Claudio Ferrante Luigi Brunetti Lucia Recinella Sheila Leone Mohamad Ali Shariati Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba Annalisa Chiavaroli New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches Molecules <i>Thymbra capitata</i> <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i> phenolic flavonoid antioxidant enzyme inhibitors |
| title | New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches |
| title_full | New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches |
| title_fullStr | New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches |
| title_short | New Biological and Chemical Evidences of Two Lamiaceae Species (<i>Thymbra capitata</i> and <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i>): In Vitro, In Silico and Ex Vivo Approaches |
| title_sort | new biological and chemical evidences of two lamiaceae species i thymbra capitata i and i thymus sipyleus i subsp i rosulans i in vitro in silico and ex vivo approaches |
| topic | <i>Thymbra capitata</i> <i>Thymus sipyleus</i> subsp. <i>rosulans</i> phenolic flavonoid antioxidant enzyme inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/9029 |
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