Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures
AbstractThis work investigates the influence of the hexamethylenetetramine (hexa) content on the rheological features, pyrolysis reactions, mass-loss kinetics and char yield for two phenolic resins, each with different novolak-hexa mixtures from 0 wt.-% to 15 wt.-%. Curing and viscosity of resins wa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20550340.2023.2187687 |
| _version_ | 1827585821413212160 |
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| author | Felix Wich Stefan Flauder Natalie Schneider Michael Fleck Nico Langhof Walter Krenkel Stefan Schafföner |
| author_facet | Felix Wich Stefan Flauder Natalie Schneider Michael Fleck Nico Langhof Walter Krenkel Stefan Schafföner |
| author_sort | Felix Wich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AbstractThis work investigates the influence of the hexamethylenetetramine (hexa) content on the rheological features, pyrolysis reactions, mass-loss kinetics and char yield for two phenolic resins, each with different novolak-hexa mixtures from 0 wt.-% to 15 wt.-%. Curing and viscosity of resins was studied using a rheometer. Pyrolysis, evolved gases and char yield were investigated with TG-FTIR-GC/MS. The obtained results show that the curing of resins shifts to lower temperatures whereas the viscosity and the residual carbon amount both increase with increasing hexa-contents. The presented data suggests a hexa-induced microgel formation for phenolic resins. Models for viscosity and char yield were developed and present a valuable tool to tailor the resin-hardener mixture for the desired application, enable a more efficient processing technology and contribute to a deeper understanding of the pyrolysis of novolak resins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:52:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4e732cc58204ec3989f4458a5808356 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-0340 2055-0359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:52:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4e732cc58204ec3989f4458a58083562023-12-13T11:03:41ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAdvanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science2055-03402055-03592023-01-019110.1080/20550340.2023.2187687Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixturesFelix Wich0Stefan Flauder1Natalie Schneider2Michael Fleck3Nico Langhof4Walter Krenkel5Stefan Schafföner6Chair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyChair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyBakelite GmbH, Iserlohn-Letmathe, GermanyMetals and Alloys, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyChair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyChair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyChair of Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyAbstractThis work investigates the influence of the hexamethylenetetramine (hexa) content on the rheological features, pyrolysis reactions, mass-loss kinetics and char yield for two phenolic resins, each with different novolak-hexa mixtures from 0 wt.-% to 15 wt.-%. Curing and viscosity of resins was studied using a rheometer. Pyrolysis, evolved gases and char yield were investigated with TG-FTIR-GC/MS. The obtained results show that the curing of resins shifts to lower temperatures whereas the viscosity and the residual carbon amount both increase with increasing hexa-contents. The presented data suggests a hexa-induced microgel formation for phenolic resins. Models for viscosity and char yield were developed and present a valuable tool to tailor the resin-hardener mixture for the desired application, enable a more efficient processing technology and contribute to a deeper understanding of the pyrolysis of novolak resins.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20550340.2023.2187687Phenolnovolakhexaviscositychar yieldpyrolysis |
| spellingShingle | Felix Wich Stefan Flauder Natalie Schneider Michael Fleck Nico Langhof Walter Krenkel Stefan Schafföner Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science Phenol novolak hexa viscosity char yield pyrolysis |
| title | Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| title_full | Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| title_fullStr | Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| title_short | Processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak-hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| title_sort | processing properties and pyrolysis behavior of novolak hexamethylenetetramine mixtures |
| topic | Phenol novolak hexa viscosity char yield pyrolysis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/20550340.2023.2187687 |
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