Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa
Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/12/494 |
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| author | Christine Magaju Leigh Ann Winowiecki Mary Crossland Aymen Frija Hassen Ouerghemmi Niguse Hagazi Phosiso Sola Ibrahim Ochenje Esther Kiura Anne Kuria Jonathan Muriuki Sammy Carsan Kiros Hadgu Enrico Bonaiuti Fergus Sinclair |
| author_facet | Christine Magaju Leigh Ann Winowiecki Mary Crossland Aymen Frija Hassen Ouerghemmi Niguse Hagazi Phosiso Sola Ibrahim Ochenje Esther Kiura Anne Kuria Jonathan Muriuki Sammy Carsan Kiros Hadgu Enrico Bonaiuti Fergus Sinclair |
| author_sort | Christine Magaju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:19:38Z |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:19:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4f958dd52224af58113b19b5ce43fa52023-11-20T23:32:33ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2020-12-0191249410.3390/land9120494Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East AfricaChristine Magaju0Leigh Ann Winowiecki1Mary Crossland2Aymen Frija3Hassen Ouerghemmi4Niguse Hagazi5Phosiso Sola6Ibrahim Ochenje7Esther Kiura8Anne Kuria9Jonathan Muriuki10Sammy Carsan11Kiros Hadgu12Enrico Bonaiuti13Fergus Sinclair14World Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UKInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, Rue Hedi Karray, CP 2049 Ariana, TunisiaInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, Rue Hedi Karray, CP 2049 Ariana, TunisiaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), Gurd Shola, P.O. Box 5689 Addis Ababa, EthiopiaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), Gurd Shola, P.O. Box 5689 Addis Ababa, EthiopiaInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, ICARDA, 6/106, Osiyo St, Tashkent 100084, UzbekistanWorld Agroforestry (ICRAF), UN Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, KenyaIncreasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/12/494trees on farmoptions by contexton-farm planned comparisontree seedling survival |
| spellingShingle | Christine Magaju Leigh Ann Winowiecki Mary Crossland Aymen Frija Hassen Ouerghemmi Niguse Hagazi Phosiso Sola Ibrahim Ochenje Esther Kiura Anne Kuria Jonathan Muriuki Sammy Carsan Kiros Hadgu Enrico Bonaiuti Fergus Sinclair Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa Land trees on farm options by context on-farm planned comparison tree seedling survival |
| title | Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa |
| title_full | Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa |
| title_fullStr | Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa |
| title_short | Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa |
| title_sort | assessing context specific factors to increase tree survival for scaling ecosystem restoration efforts in east africa |
| topic | trees on farm options by context on-farm planned comparison tree seedling survival |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/9/12/494 |
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