Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China
Nutrients and carbon play important roles in algal bloom and development. However, nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom are not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom cove...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/900 |
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| author | Jibiao Zhang Miaojian Fu Peng Zhang Dong Sun Demeng Peng |
| author_facet | Jibiao Zhang Miaojian Fu Peng Zhang Dong Sun Demeng Peng |
| author_sort | Jibiao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutrients and carbon play important roles in algal bloom and development. However, nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom are not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom covering an urban Jinsha Bay (JSB) coastal water in Zhanjiang Bay (South China Sea) using in situ multidiscipline observation. The results showed that the average concentration of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved silicon (DSi) was 97.79 ± 26.31 μmol/L, 12.84 ± 4.48 μmol/L, and 16.29 ± 4.00 μmol/L in coastal water, respectively. Moreover, the average concentration of total dissolved carbon (TDC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (DOC) in JSB was 2187.43 ± 195.92 μmol/L, 1516.25 ± 133.24 μmol/L, and 671.13 ± 150.81 μmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, the main dominant species were <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> and <i>Nitzschia closterium</i> during the spring algal bloom. Additionally, the correlation analysis showed salinity (S) was significantly negatively correlated with nutrients, indicating that nutrients derived from land-based sources sustained spring algal bloom development. However, as the major fraction of TDC, DIC was significantly positively correlated with S, which was mainly derived from marine sources. Besides, the algal density showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (T) (<i>p <</i> 0.001) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<i>p <</i> 0.001), but a significant negative correlation with DIC (<i>p <</i> 0.05), suggesting that spring algal blooms may be simulated by water T increase, and then large amounts of DIC and nutrients were adsorbed, accompanying DO release through photosynthesis in coastal water. This study revealed nutrients and carbon interactions in the spring algal bloom of urban eutrophic coastal water, which has implications for understanding the nutrients and carbon biogeochemical cycle and algal bloom mitigation under climate change and anthropogenic pressures in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:47Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a4fa2be99c0a46de944ca8f88d0b6d48 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4fa2be99c0a46de944ca8f88d0b6d482023-11-17T08:54:37ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-02-0115590010.3390/w15050900Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, ChinaJibiao Zhang0Miaojian Fu1Peng Zhang2Dong Sun3Demeng Peng4College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaNutrients and carbon play important roles in algal bloom and development. However, nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom are not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the nutrients and carbon interactions in the period of the spring algal bloom covering an urban Jinsha Bay (JSB) coastal water in Zhanjiang Bay (South China Sea) using in situ multidiscipline observation. The results showed that the average concentration of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved silicon (DSi) was 97.79 ± 26.31 μmol/L, 12.84 ± 4.48 μmol/L, and 16.29 ± 4.00 μmol/L in coastal water, respectively. Moreover, the average concentration of total dissolved carbon (TDC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (DOC) in JSB was 2187.43 ± 195.92 μmol/L, 1516.25 ± 133.24 μmol/L, and 671.13 ± 150.81 μmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, the main dominant species were <i>Phaeocystis globosa</i> and <i>Nitzschia closterium</i> during the spring algal bloom. Additionally, the correlation analysis showed salinity (S) was significantly negatively correlated with nutrients, indicating that nutrients derived from land-based sources sustained spring algal bloom development. However, as the major fraction of TDC, DIC was significantly positively correlated with S, which was mainly derived from marine sources. Besides, the algal density showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (T) (<i>p <</i> 0.001) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (<i>p <</i> 0.001), but a significant negative correlation with DIC (<i>p <</i> 0.05), suggesting that spring algal blooms may be simulated by water T increase, and then large amounts of DIC and nutrients were adsorbed, accompanying DO release through photosynthesis in coastal water. This study revealed nutrients and carbon interactions in the spring algal bloom of urban eutrophic coastal water, which has implications for understanding the nutrients and carbon biogeochemical cycle and algal bloom mitigation under climate change and anthropogenic pressures in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/900nutrientscarbonspeciationalgal bloomeutrophicationcoastal water |
| spellingShingle | Jibiao Zhang Miaojian Fu Peng Zhang Dong Sun Demeng Peng Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China Water nutrients carbon speciation algal bloom eutrophication coastal water |
| title | Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China |
| title_full | Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China |
| title_fullStr | Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China |
| title_short | Unravelling Nutrients and Carbon Interactions in an Urban Coastal Water during Algal Bloom Period in Zhanjiang Bay, China |
| title_sort | unravelling nutrients and carbon interactions in an urban coastal water during algal bloom period in zhanjiang bay china |
| topic | nutrients carbon speciation algal bloom eutrophication coastal water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/900 |
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