Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy
Abstract Background Maternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to date and results are conflicting. The current study investigates the asso...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-06-01
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| Series: | JCPP Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12070 |
| _version_ | 1818236371972653056 |
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| author | Kjersti M. Walle Ragna B. Askeland Kristin Gustavson Siri Mjaaland Eivind Ystrom W. Ian Lipkin Per Magnus Camilla Stoltenberg Ezra Susser Michaeline Bresnahan Mady Hornig Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud Helga Ask |
| author_facet | Kjersti M. Walle Ragna B. Askeland Kristin Gustavson Siri Mjaaland Eivind Ystrom W. Ian Lipkin Per Magnus Camilla Stoltenberg Ezra Susser Michaeline Bresnahan Mady Hornig Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud Helga Ask |
| author_sort | Kjersti M. Walle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Maternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to date and results are conflicting. The current study investigates the associations between specific groups of prenatal maternal infections and offspring ADHD, considering timing of exposure and the role of fever. Methods We used data from the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including more than 112,000 pregnancies, linked with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Patient Registry to estimate odds ratios for the likelihood that children develop ADHD after being exposed to maternal infections during gestation. Results Children exposed to any maternal infection during pregnancy showed increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.03–1.27). Specifically, increased ADHD risk was observed after exposure to genitourinary infections in second (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.06–1.90) or third trimester (OR = 2.04, CI = 1.19–3.49), and to respiratory infections in second trimester (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.12–1.54), provided these infections were accompanied by episodes of fever. Increased ADHD risk was also observed after exposure to diarrhea without fever in the third trimester (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.07–1.46). Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal infections, particularly with co‐occurring episodes of fever, are risk factors for ADHD. Fever (or severity of the infection) appears to be more important in mid‐pregnancy associations. Our results indicate that type of infection and timing of exposure might influence the associations, but small effect sizes require careful interpretations. The association between infection and ADHD should be estimated using discordant siblings or other negative control designs that give better adjustment for unmeasured familial confounding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:08:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4fcd4008a9244c096baf0cab96acf1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-9384 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:08:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JCPP Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4fcd4008a9244c096baf0cab96acf1d2022-12-22T00:24:56ZengWileyJCPP Advances2692-93842022-06-0122n/an/a10.1002/jcv2.12070Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancyKjersti M. Walle0Ragna B. Askeland1Kristin Gustavson2Siri Mjaaland3Eivind Ystrom4W. Ian Lipkin5Per Magnus6Camilla Stoltenberg7Ezra Susser8Michaeline Bresnahan9Mady Hornig10Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud11Helga Ask12Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayDepartment of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York USACentre for Fertility and Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayDepartment of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York USADepartment of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York USADepartment of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health New York USANorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayNorwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo NorwayAbstract Background Maternal infections during pregnancy are common events that have been suggested to be risk factors for Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Only a few studies have been conducted to date and results are conflicting. The current study investigates the associations between specific groups of prenatal maternal infections and offspring ADHD, considering timing of exposure and the role of fever. Methods We used data from the prospective Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including more than 112,000 pregnancies, linked with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Patient Registry to estimate odds ratios for the likelihood that children develop ADHD after being exposed to maternal infections during gestation. Results Children exposed to any maternal infection during pregnancy showed increased risk of receiving an ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.03–1.27). Specifically, increased ADHD risk was observed after exposure to genitourinary infections in second (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.06–1.90) or third trimester (OR = 2.04, CI = 1.19–3.49), and to respiratory infections in second trimester (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.12–1.54), provided these infections were accompanied by episodes of fever. Increased ADHD risk was also observed after exposure to diarrhea without fever in the third trimester (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.07–1.46). Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that prenatal exposure to maternal infections, particularly with co‐occurring episodes of fever, are risk factors for ADHD. Fever (or severity of the infection) appears to be more important in mid‐pregnancy associations. Our results indicate that type of infection and timing of exposure might influence the associations, but small effect sizes require careful interpretations. The association between infection and ADHD should be estimated using discordant siblings or other negative control designs that give better adjustment for unmeasured familial confounding.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12070ADHDinfectionsMBRNMoBapregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Kjersti M. Walle Ragna B. Askeland Kristin Gustavson Siri Mjaaland Eivind Ystrom W. Ian Lipkin Per Magnus Camilla Stoltenberg Ezra Susser Michaeline Bresnahan Mady Hornig Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud Helga Ask Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy JCPP Advances ADHD infections MBRN MoBa pregnancy |
| title | Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| title_full | Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| title_fullStr | Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| title_short | Risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| title_sort | risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring of mothers with infections during pregnancy |
| topic | ADHD infections MBRN MoBa pregnancy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12070 |
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