Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorpo...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7120 |
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| author | Jing-Jing Peng Shi-Yang Yue Yu-Hui Fang Xiao-Ling Liu Cheng-Hua Wang |
| author_facet | Jing-Jing Peng Shi-Yang Yue Yu-Hui Fang Xiao-Ling Liu Cheng-Hua Wang |
| author_sort | Jing-Jing Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:48:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4ff66fbf0a4473f898be272c2d1a2c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:48:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a4ff66fbf0a4473f898be272c2d1a2c72023-11-23T02:47:39ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012623712010.3390/molecules26237120Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of SelenocysteineJing-Jing Peng0Shi-Yang Yue1Yu-Hui Fang2Xiao-Ling Liu3Cheng-Hua Wang4Light Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaLight Industry and Food Engineering College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, ChinaSelenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st non-standard proteinogenic amino acid. Due to the particularity of the codon encoding Sec, the selenoprotein synthesis needs to be completed by unique mechanisms in specific biological systems. In this paper, the underlying mechanisms for the biosynthesis and incorporation of Sec into selenoprotein were comprehensively reviewed on five aspects: (i) the specific biosynthesis mechanism of Sec and the role of its internal influencing factors (SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, SPS2 and PSTK); (ii) the elements (SECIS, PSL, SPUR and RF) on mRNA and their functional mechanisms; (iii) the specificity (either translation termination or translation into Sec) of UGA; (iv) the structure–activity relationship and action mechanism of SelA, SelB, SelC and SelD; and (v) the operating mechanism of two key enzyme systems for inorganic selenium source flow before Sec synthesis. Lastly, the size of the translation initiation interval, other action modes of SECIS and effects of REPS (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences) that affect the incorporation efficiency of Sec was also discussed to provide scientific basis for the large-scale industrial fermentation for the production of selenoprotein.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7120selenocysteineselenoproteinbiosynthesisaffecting factorsmechanism analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jing-Jing Peng Shi-Yang Yue Yu-Hui Fang Xiao-Ling Liu Cheng-Hua Wang Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine Molecules selenocysteine selenoprotein biosynthesis affecting factors mechanism analysis |
| title | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
| title_full | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
| title_short | Mechanisms Affecting the Biosynthesis and Incorporation Rate of Selenocysteine |
| title_sort | mechanisms affecting the biosynthesis and incorporation rate of selenocysteine |
| topic | selenocysteine selenoprotein biosynthesis affecting factors mechanism analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7120 |
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