The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases
As an atypical member of the Rho family small GTPases, RhoH shares less than 50% sequence similarity with other members, and its expression is commonly observed in the haematopoietic lineage. To date, RhoH function was observed in regulating T cell receptor signalling, and less is known in other hae...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/950 |
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| author | Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar Ilie Fadzilah Hashim Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar Nor Hawani Salikin Syafinaz Amin-Nordin |
| author_facet | Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar Ilie Fadzilah Hashim Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar Nor Hawani Salikin Syafinaz Amin-Nordin |
| author_sort | Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an atypical member of the Rho family small GTPases, RhoH shares less than 50% sequence similarity with other members, and its expression is commonly observed in the haematopoietic lineage. To date, RhoH function was observed in regulating T cell receptor signalling, and less is known in other haematopoietic cells. Its activation may not rely on the standard GDP/GTP cycling of small G proteins and is thought to be constitutively active because critical amino acids involved in GTP hydrolysis are absent. Alternatively, its activation can be regulated by other types of regulation, including lysosomal degradation, somatic mutation and transcriptional repressor, which also results in an altered protein expression. Aberrant protein expression of RhoH has been implicated not only in B cell malignancies but also in immune-related diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, wherein its involvement may provide the link between immune-related diseases and cancer. RhoH association with these diseases involves several other players, including its interacting partner, ZAP−70; activation regulators, Vav1 and RhoGDI and other small GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. As such, RhoH and its associated proteins are potential attack points, especially in the treatment of cancer and immune-related diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a510ceb70701426a82469feb53ba4501 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:09:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a510ceb70701426a82469feb53ba45012023-11-21T16:17:06ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-04-0110495010.3390/cells10040950The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in DiseasesAna Masara Ahmad Mokhtar0Ilie Fadzilah Hashim1Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar2Nor Hawani Salikin3Syafinaz Amin-Nordin4Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, MalaysiaPrimary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, MalaysiaBioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, MalaysiaBioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaAs an atypical member of the Rho family small GTPases, RhoH shares less than 50% sequence similarity with other members, and its expression is commonly observed in the haematopoietic lineage. To date, RhoH function was observed in regulating T cell receptor signalling, and less is known in other haematopoietic cells. Its activation may not rely on the standard GDP/GTP cycling of small G proteins and is thought to be constitutively active because critical amino acids involved in GTP hydrolysis are absent. Alternatively, its activation can be regulated by other types of regulation, including lysosomal degradation, somatic mutation and transcriptional repressor, which also results in an altered protein expression. Aberrant protein expression of RhoH has been implicated not only in B cell malignancies but also in immune-related diseases, such as primary immunodeficiencies, systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, wherein its involvement may provide the link between immune-related diseases and cancer. RhoH association with these diseases involves several other players, including its interacting partner, ZAP−70; activation regulators, Vav1 and RhoGDI and other small GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. As such, RhoH and its associated proteins are potential attack points, especially in the treatment of cancer and immune-related diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/950small GTPaseRhoHmalignant B cellimmunodeficiencyautoimmune |
| spellingShingle | Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar Ilie Fadzilah Hashim Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar Nor Hawani Salikin Syafinaz Amin-Nordin The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases Cells small GTPase RhoH malignant B cell immunodeficiency autoimmune |
| title | The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases |
| title_full | The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases |
| title_fullStr | The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases |
| title_short | The Role of RhoH in TCR Signalling and Its Involvement in Diseases |
| title_sort | role of rhoh in tcr signalling and its involvement in diseases |
| topic | small GTPase RhoH malignant B cell immunodeficiency autoimmune |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/950 |
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