Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration
The zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is routinely used in biological studies as a vertebrate model system that provides unique strengths allowing applications in studies of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. One specific advantage is that the neurotransmitter systems are hi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/5981 |
| _version_ | 1797556868964417536 |
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| author | Ola Wasel Jennifer L. Freeman |
| author_facet | Ola Wasel Jennifer L. Freeman |
| author_sort | Ola Wasel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is routinely used in biological studies as a vertebrate model system that provides unique strengths allowing applications in studies of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. One specific advantage is that the neurotransmitter systems are highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, including between zebrafish and humans. Disruption of the dopaminergic signaling pathway is linked to multiple neurological disorders. One of the most common is Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, among other neuropathological characteristics. In this review, the development of the zebrafish’s dopaminergic system, focusing on genetic control of the dopaminergic system, is detailed. Second, neurotoxicant models used to study dopaminergic neuronal loss, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the pesticides paraquat and rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), are described. Next, zebrafish genetic knockdown models of <i>dj1</i>, <i>pink1</i>, and <i>prkn</i> established for investigating mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease are discussed. Chemical modulators of the dopaminergic system are also highlighted to showcase the applicability of the zebrafish to identify mechanisms and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease associated with the dopaminergic system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a51bb4bd78324376b58baa30c6eafc81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a51bb4bd78324376b58baa30c6eafc812023-11-20T10:43:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012117598110.3390/ijms21175981Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic NeurodegenerationOla Wasel0Jennifer L. Freeman1School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USASchool of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAThe zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) is routinely used in biological studies as a vertebrate model system that provides unique strengths allowing applications in studies of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. One specific advantage is that the neurotransmitter systems are highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, including between zebrafish and humans. Disruption of the dopaminergic signaling pathway is linked to multiple neurological disorders. One of the most common is Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, among other neuropathological characteristics. In this review, the development of the zebrafish’s dopaminergic system, focusing on genetic control of the dopaminergic system, is detailed. Second, neurotoxicant models used to study dopaminergic neuronal loss, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the pesticides paraquat and rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), are described. Next, zebrafish genetic knockdown models of <i>dj1</i>, <i>pink1</i>, and <i>prkn</i> established for investigating mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease are discussed. Chemical modulators of the dopaminergic system are also highlighted to showcase the applicability of the zebrafish to identify mechanisms and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease associated with the dopaminergic system.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/5981dj1dopamineMPTPneurotransmissionparaquatParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Ola Wasel Jennifer L. Freeman Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences dj1 dopamine MPTP neurotransmission paraquat Parkinson’s disease |
| title | Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Chemical and Genetic Zebrafish Models to Define Mechanisms of and Treatments for Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | chemical and genetic zebrafish models to define mechanisms of and treatments for dopaminergic neurodegeneration |
| topic | dj1 dopamine MPTP neurotransmission paraquat Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/17/5981 |
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