Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus
Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, transmits <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las), the bacterial pathogen responsible for citrus greening disease. To explore the possibility that cover crops in citrus groves may serve as refuges for t...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2175 |
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| author | Justin George Ramdas Kanissery Mahesh Bashyal Blessy Tamayo Lukasz L. Stelinski |
| author_facet | Justin George Ramdas Kanissery Mahesh Bashyal Blessy Tamayo Lukasz L. Stelinski |
| author_sort | Justin George |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, transmits <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las), the bacterial pathogen responsible for citrus greening disease. To explore the possibility that cover crops in citrus groves may serve as refuges for this pathogen vector during unfavorable host conditions, psyllid feeding was investigated on six common cover crop species and citrus using electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings and behavioral bioassays. EPG recordings showed that the proportion of time spent by <i>D. citri</i> feeding on xylem was similar or higher on all tested cover crops (17%–32%) compared to the positive control (12%), the preferred host, <i>Citrus macrophylla</i>. Very little to no phloem feeding was observed on cover crops by the adults. In the choice assays, more <i>D. citri</i> adults settled on buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) and cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) than on the host, <i>C. macrophylla</i>, 24 h after release. No-choice assays showed that the citrus cover crop species evaluated extend the survival of <i>D.</i> citri up to 8 d because of xylem feeding. Our results indicate that some cover crop species may be less suitable refuge sites for <i>D. citri</i> than others, but none served as breeding sites or supported more than 8 d of survival. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a525d379866347cdb33669e12cb08ea7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:26:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a525d379866347cdb33669e12cb08ea72023-11-24T12:42:41ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-12-011212217510.3390/agriculture12122175Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in CitrusJustin George0Ramdas Kanissery1Mahesh Bashyal2Blessy Tamayo3Lukasz L. Stelinski4USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Rd., Stoneville, MS 38776, USADepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2685 SR 29 North Immokalee, Immokalee, FL 34142, USADepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 2685 SR 29 North Immokalee, Immokalee, FL 34142, USADepartment of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USADepartment of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USAAsian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, transmits <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las), the bacterial pathogen responsible for citrus greening disease. To explore the possibility that cover crops in citrus groves may serve as refuges for this pathogen vector during unfavorable host conditions, psyllid feeding was investigated on six common cover crop species and citrus using electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings and behavioral bioassays. EPG recordings showed that the proportion of time spent by <i>D. citri</i> feeding on xylem was similar or higher on all tested cover crops (17%–32%) compared to the positive control (12%), the preferred host, <i>Citrus macrophylla</i>. Very little to no phloem feeding was observed on cover crops by the adults. In the choice assays, more <i>D. citri</i> adults settled on buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) and cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) than on the host, <i>C. macrophylla</i>, 24 h after release. No-choice assays showed that the citrus cover crop species evaluated extend the survival of <i>D.</i> citri up to 8 d because of xylem feeding. Our results indicate that some cover crop species may be less suitable refuge sites for <i>D. citri</i> than others, but none served as breeding sites or supported more than 8 d of survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2175Asian citrus psyllids<i>Diaphorina citri</i>cover cropselectrical penetration graphxylem feedingphloem feeding |
| spellingShingle | Justin George Ramdas Kanissery Mahesh Bashyal Blessy Tamayo Lukasz L. Stelinski Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus Agriculture Asian citrus psyllids <i>Diaphorina citri</i> cover crops electrical penetration graph xylem feeding phloem feeding |
| title | Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus |
| title_full | Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus |
| title_fullStr | Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus |
| title_short | Survival and Feeding Behavior of <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Adults on Common Cover Crops in Citrus |
| title_sort | survival and feeding behavior of i diaphorina citri i hemiptera liviidae adults on common cover crops in citrus |
| topic | Asian citrus psyllids <i>Diaphorina citri</i> cover crops electrical penetration graph xylem feeding phloem feeding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2175 |
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