Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa
Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual–asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while ot...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/703 |
| _version_ | 1797518610368823296 |
|---|---|
| author | Nalin N. Wijayawardene Mohammad Bahram Iván Sánchez-Castro Dong-Qin Dai Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa Udeni Jayalal Nakarin Suwannarach Leho Tedersoo |
| author_facet | Nalin N. Wijayawardene Mohammad Bahram Iván Sánchez-Castro Dong-Qin Dai Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa Udeni Jayalal Nakarin Suwannarach Leho Tedersoo |
| author_sort | Nalin N. Wijayawardene |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual–asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:32:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a531fdb3dab74ba9b8aa2f4e70875e21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:32:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-a531fdb3dab74ba9b8aa2f4e70875e212023-11-22T13:47:40ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-08-017970310.3390/jof7090703Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous TaxaNalin N. Wijayawardene0Mohammad Bahram1Iván Sánchez-Castro2Dong-Qin Dai3Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa4Udeni Jayalal5Nakarin Suwannarach6Leho Tedersoo7Centre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, ChinaDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Uppsala, SwedenDepartamento de Microbiología, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, SpainCentre for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, ChinaDepartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri LankaDepartment of Natural Resources, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri LankaResearch Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandMycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, 14A Ravila, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaCulture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual–asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/703consolidated species conceptfungal diversitymolecular taxonomymorphological characterstraditional taxonomypolyphasic approach |
| spellingShingle | Nalin N. Wijayawardene Mohammad Bahram Iván Sánchez-Castro Dong-Qin Dai Kahandawa G. S. U. Ariyawansa Udeni Jayalal Nakarin Suwannarach Leho Tedersoo Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa Journal of Fungi consolidated species concept fungal diversity molecular taxonomy morphological characters traditional taxonomy polyphasic approach |
| title | Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa |
| title_full | Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa |
| title_fullStr | Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa |
| title_short | Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa |
| title_sort | current insight into culture dependent and culture independent methods in discovering ascomycetous taxa |
| topic | consolidated species concept fungal diversity molecular taxonomy morphological characters traditional taxonomy polyphasic approach |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/9/703 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nalinnwijayawardene currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT mohammadbahram currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT ivansanchezcastro currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT dongqindai currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT kahandawagsuariyawansa currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT udenijayalal currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT nakarinsuwannarach currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa AT lehotedersoo currentinsightintoculturedependentandcultureindependentmethodsindiscoveringascomycetoustaxa |