Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana
Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020–2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Orga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2601 |
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| author | Samantha L. Letsholo Joe James Stephanie M. Meyer Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Tirumala B. K. Settypalli Sneha Datta Letlhogile Oarabile Obakeng Kemolatlhe Kgakgamatso T. Pebe Bruce R. Mafonko Tebogo J. Kgotlele Kago Kumile Boitumelo Modise Carter Thanda John F. C. Nyange Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe Giovanni Cattoli Charles E. Lamien Ian H. Brown William G. Dundon Ashley C. Banyard |
| author_facet | Samantha L. Letsholo Joe James Stephanie M. Meyer Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Tirumala B. K. Settypalli Sneha Datta Letlhogile Oarabile Obakeng Kemolatlhe Kgakgamatso T. Pebe Bruce R. Mafonko Tebogo J. Kgotlele Kago Kumile Boitumelo Modise Carter Thanda John F. C. Nyange Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe Giovanni Cattoli Charles E. Lamien Ian H. Brown William G. Dundon Ashley C. Banyard |
| author_sort | Samantha L. Letsholo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Numerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020–2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 2021. An H5N1 virus was detected in a fish eagle, doves, and chickens. Full genome sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high identity within haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins (NA) for viruses identified across a geographically broad range of locations. The detection of H5N1 in Botswana has important implications for disease management, wild bird conservation, tourism, public health, economic empowerment of vulnerable communities and food security in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a53dd5dd666c4b59adda4298176ab01d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:45:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a53dd5dd666c4b59adda4298176ab01d2023-11-24T18:36:19ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-11-011412260110.3390/v14122601Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in BotswanaSamantha L. Letsholo0Joe James1Stephanie M. Meyer2Alexander M. P. Byrne3Scott M. Reid4Tirumala B. K. Settypalli5Sneha Datta6Letlhogile Oarabile7Obakeng Kemolatlhe8Kgakgamatso T. Pebe9Bruce R. Mafonko10Tebogo J. Kgotlele11Kago Kumile12Boitumelo Modise13Carter Thanda14John F. C. Nyange15Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe16Giovanni Cattoli17Charles E. Lamien18Ian H. Brown19William G. Dundon20Ashley C. Banyard21Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKAnimal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Friedenstrasse 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, AustriaAnimal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Friedenstrasse 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, AustriaDepartment of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, BotswanaDepartment of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, BotswanaDepartment of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, BotswanaDepartment of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0032, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaBotswana National Veterinary Laboratory (BNVL), Private Bag 0035, Gaborone, BotswanaAnimal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Friedenstrasse 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, AustriaAnimal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Friedenstrasse 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, AustriaAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKAnimal Production and Health Laboratory (APHL), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Friedenstrasse 1, 2444 Seibersdorf, AustriaAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Woodham Ln, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UKNumerous outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) were reported during 2020–2021. In Africa, H5Nx has been detected in Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa in both wild birds and poultry. Botswana reported its first outbreak of HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 2021. An H5N1 virus was detected in a fish eagle, doves, and chickens. Full genome sequence analysis revealed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and showed high identity within haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase proteins (NA) for viruses identified across a geographically broad range of locations. The detection of H5N1 in Botswana has important implications for disease management, wild bird conservation, tourism, public health, economic empowerment of vulnerable communities and food security in the region.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2601high-pathogenicity avian influenzafish eaglepoultrydovesH5N1high-pathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Samantha L. Letsholo Joe James Stephanie M. Meyer Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Tirumala B. K. Settypalli Sneha Datta Letlhogile Oarabile Obakeng Kemolatlhe Kgakgamatso T. Pebe Bruce R. Mafonko Tebogo J. Kgotlele Kago Kumile Boitumelo Modise Carter Thanda John F. C. Nyange Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe Giovanni Cattoli Charles E. Lamien Ian H. Brown William G. Dundon Ashley C. Banyard Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana Viruses high-pathogenicity avian influenza fish eagle poultry doves H5N1 high-pathogenicity |
| title | Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana |
| title_full | Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana |
| title_short | Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Poultry in Botswana |
| title_sort | emergence of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus h5n1 clade 2 3 4 4b in wild birds and poultry in botswana |
| topic | high-pathogenicity avian influenza fish eagle poultry doves H5N1 high-pathogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2601 |
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