The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014.
BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence surv...
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| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4714873?pdf=render |
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| author | Nathan Kapata Pascalina Chanda-Kapata William Ngosa Mine Metitiri Eveline Klinkenberg Nico Kalisvaart Veronica Sunkutu Aaron Shibemba Chishala Chabala Gershom Chongwe Mathias Tembo Lutinala Mulenga Grace Mbulo Patrick Katemangwe Sandra Sakala Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha Felix Masiye George Sinyangwe Ikushi Onozaki Peter Mwaba Davy Chikamata Alimuddin Zumla Martin P Grobusch |
| author_facet | Nathan Kapata Pascalina Chanda-Kapata William Ngosa Mine Metitiri Eveline Klinkenberg Nico Kalisvaart Veronica Sunkutu Aaron Shibemba Chishala Chabala Gershom Chongwe Mathias Tembo Lutinala Mulenga Grace Mbulo Patrick Katemangwe Sandra Sakala Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha Felix Masiye George Sinyangwe Ikushi Onozaki Peter Mwaba Davy Chikamata Alimuddin Zumla Martin P Grobusch |
| author_sort | Nathan Kapata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence survey. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the adult Zambian population aged 15 years and above, in 2013-2014. METHODS:A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 66 clusters across all the 10 provinces of Zambia. Eligible participants aged 15 years and above were screened for TB symptoms, had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed and were offered an HIV test. Participants with TB symptoms and/or CXR abnormality underwent an in-depth interview and submitted one spot- and one morning sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid culture. Digital data collection methods were used throughout the process. RESULTS:Of the 98,458 individuals who were enumerated, 54,830 (55.7%) were eligible to participate, and 46,099 (84.1%) participated. Of those who participated, 45,633/46,099 (99%) were screened by both symptom assessment and chest x-ray, while 466/46,099 (1.01%) were screened by interview only. 6,708 (14.6%) were eligible to submit sputum and 6,154/6,708 (91.7%) of them submitted at least one specimen for examination. MTB cases identified were 265/6,123 (4.3%). The estimated national adult prevalence of smear, culture and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 319/100,000 (232-406/100,000); 568/100,000 (440-697/100,000); and 638/100,000 (502-774/100,000) population, respectively. The risk of having TB was five times higher in the HIV positive than HIV negative individuals. The TB prevalence for all forms was estimated to be 455 /100,000 population for all age groups. CONCLUSION:The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia was higher than previously estimated. Innovative approaches are required to accelerate the control of TB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:14:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a543fc73e21749f1aa20180e17155f87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T13:14:53Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-a543fc73e21749f1aa20180e17155f872022-12-21T21:47:01ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01111e014639210.1371/journal.pone.0146392The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014.Nathan KapataPascalina Chanda-KapataWilliam NgosaMine MetitiriEveline KlinkenbergNico KalisvaartVeronica SunkutuAaron ShibembaChishala ChabalaGershom ChongweMathias TemboLutinala MulengaGrace MbuloPatrick KatemangweSandra SakalaElizabeth Chizema-KaweshaFelix MasiyeGeorge SinyangweIkushi OnozakiPeter MwabaDavy ChikamataAlimuddin ZumlaMartin P GrobuschBACKGROUND:Tuberculosis in Zambia is a major public health problem, however the country does not have reliable baseline data on the TB prevalence for impact measurement; therefore it was among the priority countries identified by the World Health Organization to conduct a national TB prevalence survey. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among the adult Zambian population aged 15 years and above, in 2013-2014. METHODS:A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 66 clusters across all the 10 provinces of Zambia. Eligible participants aged 15 years and above were screened for TB symptoms, had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed and were offered an HIV test. Participants with TB symptoms and/or CXR abnormality underwent an in-depth interview and submitted one spot- and one morning sputum sample for smear microscopy and liquid culture. Digital data collection methods were used throughout the process. RESULTS:Of the 98,458 individuals who were enumerated, 54,830 (55.7%) were eligible to participate, and 46,099 (84.1%) participated. Of those who participated, 45,633/46,099 (99%) were screened by both symptom assessment and chest x-ray, while 466/46,099 (1.01%) were screened by interview only. 6,708 (14.6%) were eligible to submit sputum and 6,154/6,708 (91.7%) of them submitted at least one specimen for examination. MTB cases identified were 265/6,123 (4.3%). The estimated national adult prevalence of smear, culture and bacteriologically confirmed TB was 319/100,000 (232-406/100,000); 568/100,000 (440-697/100,000); and 638/100,000 (502-774/100,000) population, respectively. The risk of having TB was five times higher in the HIV positive than HIV negative individuals. The TB prevalence for all forms was estimated to be 455 /100,000 population for all age groups. CONCLUSION:The prevalence of tuberculosis in Zambia was higher than previously estimated. Innovative approaches are required to accelerate the control of TB.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4714873?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Nathan Kapata Pascalina Chanda-Kapata William Ngosa Mine Metitiri Eveline Klinkenberg Nico Kalisvaart Veronica Sunkutu Aaron Shibemba Chishala Chabala Gershom Chongwe Mathias Tembo Lutinala Mulenga Grace Mbulo Patrick Katemangwe Sandra Sakala Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha Felix Masiye George Sinyangwe Ikushi Onozaki Peter Mwaba Davy Chikamata Alimuddin Zumla Martin P Grobusch The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. PLoS ONE |
| title | The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. |
| title_full | The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. |
| title_fullStr | The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. |
| title_short | The Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Zambia: Results from the First National TB Prevalence Survey, 2013-2014. |
| title_sort | prevalence of tuberculosis in zambia results from the first national tb prevalence survey 2013 2014 |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4714873?pdf=render |
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