Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has become a leading animal and public health pathogen that keeps on transferring from one host to other, giving rise to newer strains by genetic shifts. The current study was designed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of mecA gene in S. aureus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.900480/full |
| _version_ | 1817978344585560064 |
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| author | Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Islam Aqib Muhammad Muddassir Ali Muhammad Ijaz Huma Sattar Awais Ghaffar Muhammad Sajid Hasni Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta Khurram Ashfaq Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Wanxia Pu |
| author_facet | Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Islam Aqib Muhammad Muddassir Ali Muhammad Ijaz Huma Sattar Awais Ghaffar Muhammad Sajid Hasni Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta Khurram Ashfaq Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Wanxia Pu |
| author_sort | Muhammad Shoaib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has become a leading animal and public health pathogen that keeps on transferring from one host to other, giving rise to newer strains by genetic shifts. The current study was designed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of mecA gene in S. aureus isolated from pets, immediate individuals in contact with pets, and veterinary clinic environments. A total of n = 300 samples were collected from different veterinary hospitals in Pakistan using convenience sampling. The collected samples were subjected to microbiological and biochemical examination for the isolation of S. aureus. Methicillin resistance was investigated by both phenotypically using oxacillin disk diffusion assay and by genotypically targeting mecA gene by PCR. PCR amplicons were subjected for sequencing by Sanger method of sequencing, which were subsequently submitted to NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers MT874770, MT874771, and MT874772. Sequence evolutionary analysis and mecA gene characterization was done using various bioinformatics tools. Overall, 33.66% mecA genes harboring S. aureus strains were isolated from all sources (33.33% from pets, 46.0% from surrounding, and 28.0% from immediate contact individuals). The bioinformatics analysis noted that one SNP was identified at position c.253C>A (Transvertion). The phylogenetic tree (two clades) of S. aureus mecA revealed a possibility of inter-transmission of disease between the environment and pets. Frequency of adenine and thymine nucleotide in motifs were found to be the same (0.334). Cytosine and guanine frequency were also the same (0.166). Threonine was replaced by asparagine (p.T84D) in each sample of cat, environment, and human. On the other hand, protein structures ofcat-1 and cat-2 proteins were found identical while cat-3, environmental, and human proteins shared identical structures. The study thus concludes rising circulation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in animal-human-environment interfaces, forecasting the development of novel strains withmodified range of resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:28:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5476f6988be4006ac206192ed529a02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T22:28:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5476f6988be4006ac206192ed529a022022-12-22T02:27:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-06-01910.3389/fvets.2022.900480900480Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment InterfaceMuhammad Shoaib0Muhammad Shoaib1Amjad Islam Aqib2Muhammad Muddassir Ali3Muhammad Ijaz4Huma Sattar5Awais Ghaffar6Muhammad Sajid Hasni7Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta8Khurram Ashfaq9Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar10Wanxia Pu11Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, PakistanInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Sciences, KBCMA, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanDirectorate General Farms and Feed Resources, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Quetta, PakistanLaboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea0Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan1College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, ChinaStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has become a leading animal and public health pathogen that keeps on transferring from one host to other, giving rise to newer strains by genetic shifts. The current study was designed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of mecA gene in S. aureus isolated from pets, immediate individuals in contact with pets, and veterinary clinic environments. A total of n = 300 samples were collected from different veterinary hospitals in Pakistan using convenience sampling. The collected samples were subjected to microbiological and biochemical examination for the isolation of S. aureus. Methicillin resistance was investigated by both phenotypically using oxacillin disk diffusion assay and by genotypically targeting mecA gene by PCR. PCR amplicons were subjected for sequencing by Sanger method of sequencing, which were subsequently submitted to NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers MT874770, MT874771, and MT874772. Sequence evolutionary analysis and mecA gene characterization was done using various bioinformatics tools. Overall, 33.66% mecA genes harboring S. aureus strains were isolated from all sources (33.33% from pets, 46.0% from surrounding, and 28.0% from immediate contact individuals). The bioinformatics analysis noted that one SNP was identified at position c.253C>A (Transvertion). The phylogenetic tree (two clades) of S. aureus mecA revealed a possibility of inter-transmission of disease between the environment and pets. Frequency of adenine and thymine nucleotide in motifs were found to be the same (0.334). Cytosine and guanine frequency were also the same (0.166). Threonine was replaced by asparagine (p.T84D) in each sample of cat, environment, and human. On the other hand, protein structures ofcat-1 and cat-2 proteins were found identical while cat-3, environmental, and human proteins shared identical structures. The study thus concludes rising circulation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in animal-human-environment interfaces, forecasting the development of novel strains withmodified range of resistance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.900480/fullS. aureusmecA genepetsMRSAphylogenetic analysispet owners |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad Shoaib Amjad Islam Aqib Muhammad Muddassir Ali Muhammad Ijaz Huma Sattar Awais Ghaffar Muhammad Sajid Hasni Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta Khurram Ashfaq Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar Wanxia Pu Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface Frontiers in Veterinary Science S. aureus mecA gene pets MRSA phylogenetic analysis pet owners |
| title | Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface |
| title_full | Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface |
| title_fullStr | Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface |
| title_short | Tracking Infection and Genetic Divergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Pets, Pet Owners, and Environment Interface |
| title_sort | tracking infection and genetic divergence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus at pets pet owners and environment interface |
| topic | S. aureus mecA gene pets MRSA phylogenetic analysis pet owners |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.900480/full |
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