Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
Chiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/evaluation-of-the-anesthetic-effects-of-ms222-in-the-adult-mexican-axo-peer-reviewed-article-VMRR |
| _version_ | 1819015996017475584 |
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| author | Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P |
| author_facet | Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P |
| author_sort | Zullian C |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, 2Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract: The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a unique research model in several fields of medicine, where surgical and invasive procedures may be required. As yet, little is known about the efficacy of MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), which is the most commonly used anesthetic agent in amphibians. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the anesthetic effects and physiological changes in adult axolotls following a 20-minute immersion bath, containing progressive MS222 concentrations starting at 0.1%. Depth of anesthesia and physiological changes were evaluated every 15 minutes post-MS222 exposure with the following parameters: righting behavior, withdrawal reflex, acetic acid test response, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as cloacal and body surface temperatures. A 20-minute exposure in a 0.1% MS222 immersion bath (n=6 animals) had no anesthetic effects on adult axolotls after 20 minutes of exposure. With a 0.2% MS222 solution, all axolotls (n=9) were deeply anesthetized at 15 minutes, and 80% were still unresponsive at 30 minutes postexposure. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were slightly, but significantly, increased when compared with the baseline value and remained stable up to recovery. There was no significant increase in surface and cloaca temperatures, compared with baseline. With the 0.4% MS222 solution, the duration of anesthesia lasted for 90 minutes to at least 120 minutes (n=3 animals) and this concentration was deemed too high. In conclusion, a 20-minute immersion bath with 0.2% MS222 may be used for short procedures (15–30 minutes) requiring anesthesia of adult axolotls. Keywords: Ambystoma mexicanum, axolotl, amphibians, anesthesia, pain |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:40:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2230-2034 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:40:36Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5538198e8284735be4480385533b57a2022-12-21T19:18:41ZengDove Medical PressVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports2230-20342016-01-012016Issue 11725139Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)Zullian CDodelet-Devillers ARoy SVachon PChiara Zullian,1 Aurore Dodelet-Devillers,1 Stéphane Roy,2 Pascal Vachon1 1Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, 2Département de Stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Montréal, Québec, Canada Abstract: The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a unique research model in several fields of medicine, where surgical and invasive procedures may be required. As yet, little is known about the efficacy of MS222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), which is the most commonly used anesthetic agent in amphibians. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the anesthetic effects and physiological changes in adult axolotls following a 20-minute immersion bath, containing progressive MS222 concentrations starting at 0.1%. Depth of anesthesia and physiological changes were evaluated every 15 minutes post-MS222 exposure with the following parameters: righting behavior, withdrawal reflex, acetic acid test response, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as cloacal and body surface temperatures. A 20-minute exposure in a 0.1% MS222 immersion bath (n=6 animals) had no anesthetic effects on adult axolotls after 20 minutes of exposure. With a 0.2% MS222 solution, all axolotls (n=9) were deeply anesthetized at 15 minutes, and 80% were still unresponsive at 30 minutes postexposure. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were slightly, but significantly, increased when compared with the baseline value and remained stable up to recovery. There was no significant increase in surface and cloaca temperatures, compared with baseline. With the 0.4% MS222 solution, the duration of anesthesia lasted for 90 minutes to at least 120 minutes (n=3 animals) and this concentration was deemed too high. In conclusion, a 20-minute immersion bath with 0.2% MS222 may be used for short procedures (15–30 minutes) requiring anesthesia of adult axolotls. Keywords: Ambystoma mexicanum, axolotl, amphibians, anesthesia, painhttps://www.dovepress.com/evaluation-of-the-anesthetic-effects-of-ms222-in-the-adult-mexican-axo-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRAmbystoma mexicanumMS-222immersion bathphysiological changesanesthetic effects |
| spellingShingle | Zullian C Dodelet-Devillers A Roy S Vachon P Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports Ambystoma mexicanum MS-222 immersion bath physiological changes anesthetic effects |
| title | Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) |
| title_full | Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) |
| title_short | Evaluation of the anesthetic effects of MS222 in the adult Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) |
| title_sort | evaluation of the anesthetic effects of ms222 in the adult mexican axolotl ambystoma mexicanum |
| topic | Ambystoma mexicanum MS-222 immersion bath physiological changes anesthetic effects |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/evaluation-of-the-anesthetic-effects-of-ms222-in-the-adult-mexican-axo-peer-reviewed-article-VMRR |
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