A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy
Time to digital converter (TDC) is a key block for time-gated single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays for Raman spectroscopy that applicable in the agricultural products and food analysis. In this paper a new dual slope time to digital converter that employs the time to voltage conversion and in...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Information Processing in Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214317314000237 |
| _version_ | 1797723923662503936 |
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| author | Mahdi Rezvanyvardom Tayebeh Ghanavati Nejad Ebrahim Farshidi |
| author_facet | Mahdi Rezvanyvardom Tayebeh Ghanavati Nejad Ebrahim Farshidi |
| author_sort | Mahdi Rezvanyvardom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Time to digital converter (TDC) is a key block for time-gated single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays for Raman spectroscopy that applicable in the agricultural products and food analysis. In this paper a new dual slope time to digital converter that employs the time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for digitizing the time interval input signals is presented. The reference clock frequency of the TDC is 100 MHz and the input range is theoretically unlimited. The proposed converter features high accuracy, very small average error and high linear range. Also this converter has some advantages such as low circuit complexity, low power consumption and low sensitive to the temperature, power supply and process changes (PVT) compared with the time to digital converters that used preceding conversion techniques. The proposed converter uses an indirect time to digital conversion method. Therefore, our converter has the appropriate linearity without extra elements. In order to evaluate the proposed idea, an integrating time to digital converter is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and was simulated by Hspice. Comparison of the theoretical and simulation results confirms the proposed TDC operation; therefore, the proposed converter is very convenient for applications which have average speed and low variations in the signal amplitude such as biomedical signals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:09:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a558fc046c524f84914a84777a565bb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-3173 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:09:50Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information Processing in Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a558fc046c524f84914a84777a565bb12023-09-02T11:00:29ZengElsevierInformation Processing in Agriculture2214-31732014-12-011212413010.1016/j.inpa.2014.11.003A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopyMahdi RezvanyvardomTayebeh Ghanavati NejadEbrahim FarshidiTime to digital converter (TDC) is a key block for time-gated single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays for Raman spectroscopy that applicable in the agricultural products and food analysis. In this paper a new dual slope time to digital converter that employs the time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for digitizing the time interval input signals is presented. The reference clock frequency of the TDC is 100 MHz and the input range is theoretically unlimited. The proposed converter features high accuracy, very small average error and high linear range. Also this converter has some advantages such as low circuit complexity, low power consumption and low sensitive to the temperature, power supply and process changes (PVT) compared with the time to digital converters that used preceding conversion techniques. The proposed converter uses an indirect time to digital conversion method. Therefore, our converter has the appropriate linearity without extra elements. In order to evaluate the proposed idea, an integrating time to digital converter is designed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and was simulated by Hspice. Comparison of the theoretical and simulation results confirms the proposed TDC operation; therefore, the proposed converter is very convenient for applications which have average speed and low variations in the signal amplitude such as biomedical signals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214317314000237Time to digital converter (TDC)Time to voltage converter (TVC)Indirect conversion TDCsDual slope analog to digital converterRaman spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Mahdi Rezvanyvardom Tayebeh Ghanavati Nejad Ebrahim Farshidi A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy Information Processing in Agriculture Time to digital converter (TDC) Time to voltage converter (TVC) Indirect conversion TDCs Dual slope analog to digital converter Raman spectroscopy |
| title | A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full | A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy |
| title_short | A 5-bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by Raman spectroscopy |
| title_sort | 5 bit time to digital converter using time to voltage conversion and integrating techniques for agricultural products analysis by raman spectroscopy |
| topic | Time to digital converter (TDC) Time to voltage converter (TVC) Indirect conversion TDCs Dual slope analog to digital converter Raman spectroscopy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214317314000237 |
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