Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>)
A 12-week rearing trial was carried out to estimate effects on the growth performance, physicochemical indexes, quality, and the molecular expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) using five practical diets, including dietary protein levels of 220, 250, 280,...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1237 |
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| author | Shihui Wang Jingwen Tian Xiaona Jiang Chitao Li Yanlong Ge Xuesong Hu Lei Cheng Xiaodan Shi Lianyu Shi Zhiying Jia |
| author_facet | Shihui Wang Jingwen Tian Xiaona Jiang Chitao Li Yanlong Ge Xuesong Hu Lei Cheng Xiaodan Shi Lianyu Shi Zhiying Jia |
| author_sort | Shihui Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A 12-week rearing trial was carried out to estimate effects on the growth performance, physicochemical indexes, quality, and the molecular expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) using five practical diets, including dietary protein levels of 220, 250, 280, 310, and 340 g/kg. The results illustrated that the fish’s weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly influenced, with an ascending dietary protein level of up to 250 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The carp muscle contents of total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA), and fatty acids (∑FA) decreased significantly with the ascending dietary protein levels, except for the 250 g/kg protein diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only the glutamic acid and total essential amino acid (∑EAA) contents were significantly influenced by the ascending dietary protein levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relative <i>GH</i> expression of the carp muscle significantly decreased with the increase in the dietary protein level up to 310 g/kg, and then it significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the intestines, the peak relative <i>TOR</i> expression was observed on the 220 g/kg protein diet, while the relative <i>4EBP1</i> expression was significantly influenced by the dietary protein level up to 250 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the muscle, the peak relative <i>TOR</i> and <i>4EBP1</i> expression levels were observed on the 250 g/kg protein diet. In gills, the lowest relative <i>Rhag</i>, <i>Rhbg</i>, and <i>Rhcg1</i> expression levels were observed on the 250 g/kg protein diet. Based on all of the aforementioned results, the optimal dietary protein level for <i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i> (160.24 ± 15.56 g) is 250–280 g/kg. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:44:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a55a19e815cb497d9d2436128716904b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:44:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a55a19e815cb497d9d2436128716904b2023-11-17T16:14:39ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-04-01137123710.3390/ani13071237Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>)Shihui Wang0Jingwen Tian1Xiaona Jiang2Chitao Li3Yanlong Ge4Xuesong Hu5Lei Cheng6Xiaodan Shi7Lianyu Shi8Zhiying Jia9National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaNational and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, ChinaA 12-week rearing trial was carried out to estimate effects on the growth performance, physicochemical indexes, quality, and the molecular expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) using five practical diets, including dietary protein levels of 220, 250, 280, 310, and 340 g/kg. The results illustrated that the fish’s weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly influenced, with an ascending dietary protein level of up to 250 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The carp muscle contents of total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA), and fatty acids (∑FA) decreased significantly with the ascending dietary protein levels, except for the 250 g/kg protein diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only the glutamic acid and total essential amino acid (∑EAA) contents were significantly influenced by the ascending dietary protein levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The relative <i>GH</i> expression of the carp muscle significantly decreased with the increase in the dietary protein level up to 310 g/kg, and then it significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the intestines, the peak relative <i>TOR</i> expression was observed on the 220 g/kg protein diet, while the relative <i>4EBP1</i> expression was significantly influenced by the dietary protein level up to 250 g/kg (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the muscle, the peak relative <i>TOR</i> and <i>4EBP1</i> expression levels were observed on the 250 g/kg protein diet. In gills, the lowest relative <i>Rhag</i>, <i>Rhbg</i>, and <i>Rhcg1</i> expression levels were observed on the 250 g/kg protein diet. Based on all of the aforementioned results, the optimal dietary protein level for <i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i> (160.24 ± 15.56 g) is 250–280 g/kg.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1237<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>aquaculturequality evaluationgeneprotein |
| spellingShingle | Shihui Wang Jingwen Tian Xiaona Jiang Chitao Li Yanlong Ge Xuesong Hu Lei Cheng Xiaodan Shi Lianyu Shi Zhiying Jia Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) Animals <i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i> aquaculture quality evaluation gene protein |
| title | Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Physicochemical Indexes, Quality, and Molecular Expression of Yellow River Carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance physicochemical indexes quality and molecular expression of yellow river carp i cyprinus carpio haematopterus i |
| topic | <i>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</i> aquaculture quality evaluation gene protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/7/1237 |
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