2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating
During laser penetration, the irradiated samples form a melt pool before perforation. Knowledge of the dynamics of this melt pool is of interest for the correct physical description of the process and leads to improved simulations. However, a direct investigation, especially at the location of high-...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3743 |
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| author | Stefan Reich Alexander Göbel Marcel Goesmann Dominic Heunoske Sebastian Schäffer Martin Lueck Matthias Wickert Jens Osterholz |
| author_facet | Stefan Reich Alexander Göbel Marcel Goesmann Dominic Heunoske Sebastian Schäffer Martin Lueck Matthias Wickert Jens Osterholz |
| author_sort | Stefan Reich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During laser penetration, the irradiated samples form a melt pool before perforation. Knowledge of the dynamics of this melt pool is of interest for the correct physical description of the process and leads to improved simulations. However, a direct investigation, especially at the location of high-power laser interaction with large spot diameters in the centimeter range is missing until now. Here, the applicability of 2D triangulation for surface topology observations is demonstrated. With the designed bidirectional 2D triangulation setup, the material cross-section is measured by profile detection at the front and back side. This allows a comprehensive description of the penetration process to be established, which is important for a detailed explanation of the process. Specific steps such as surface melting, indentations, protrusions during melt pool development and their dynamics, and the perforation are visualized, which were unknown until now. Furthermore, a scanning 3D triangulation setup is developed to obtain more information about the entire melt pool at the front side, and not just a single intersection line. The measurements exhibit a mirror-symmetric melt pool and the possibility to extrapolate from the central profile to the outer regions in most cases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:10:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a55bb3b0a57141499d14d650cddf714b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:10:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a55bb3b0a57141499d14d650cddf714b2023-11-23T14:19:30ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-05-011511374310.3390/ma151137432D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before PerforatingStefan Reich0Alexander Göbel1Marcel Goesmann2Dominic Heunoske3Sebastian Schäffer4Martin Lueck5Matthias Wickert6Jens Osterholz7Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst–Mach–Institut, EMI, Ernst-Zermelo Straße 4, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyDuring laser penetration, the irradiated samples form a melt pool before perforation. Knowledge of the dynamics of this melt pool is of interest for the correct physical description of the process and leads to improved simulations. However, a direct investigation, especially at the location of high-power laser interaction with large spot diameters in the centimeter range is missing until now. Here, the applicability of 2D triangulation for surface topology observations is demonstrated. With the designed bidirectional 2D triangulation setup, the material cross-section is measured by profile detection at the front and back side. This allows a comprehensive description of the penetration process to be established, which is important for a detailed explanation of the process. Specific steps such as surface melting, indentations, protrusions during melt pool development and their dynamics, and the perforation are visualized, which were unknown until now. Furthermore, a scanning 3D triangulation setup is developed to obtain more information about the entire melt pool at the front side, and not just a single intersection line. The measurements exhibit a mirror-symmetric melt pool and the possibility to extrapolate from the central profile to the outer regions in most cases.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3743high-power laserlaser penetration2D triangulation |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Reich Alexander Göbel Marcel Goesmann Dominic Heunoske Sebastian Schäffer Martin Lueck Matthias Wickert Jens Osterholz 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating Materials high-power laser laser penetration 2D triangulation |
| title | 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating |
| title_full | 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating |
| title_fullStr | 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating |
| title_short | 2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating |
| title_sort | 2d and 3d triangulation are suitable in situ measurement tools for high power large spot laser penetration processes to visualize depressions and protrusions before perforating |
| topic | high-power laser laser penetration 2D triangulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3743 |
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