Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
The intervertebral disc (IVD) aids in motion and acts to absorb energy transmitted to the spine. With little inherent regenerative capacity, degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in intervertebral disc disease, which contributes to low back pain and significant disability in many individua...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1367 |
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| author | Jinsha Koroth Erick O. Buko Rebecca Abbott Casey P. Johnson Brenda M. Ogle Laura S. Stone Arin M. Ellingson Elizabeth W. Bradley |
| author_facet | Jinsha Koroth Erick O. Buko Rebecca Abbott Casey P. Johnson Brenda M. Ogle Laura S. Stone Arin M. Ellingson Elizabeth W. Bradley |
| author_sort | Jinsha Koroth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intervertebral disc (IVD) aids in motion and acts to absorb energy transmitted to the spine. With little inherent regenerative capacity, degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in intervertebral disc disease, which contributes to low back pain and significant disability in many individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that IVD degeneration is a disease of the whole joint that is associated with significant inflammation. Moreover, studies show elevated macrophage accumulation within the IVD with increasing levels of disease severity; however, we still need to understand the roles, be they causative or consequential, of macrophages during the degenerative process. In this narrative review, we discuss hallmarks of IVD degeneration, showcase evidence of macrophage involvement during disc degeneration, and explore burgeoning research aimed at understanding the molecular pathways regulating macrophage functions during intervertebral disc degeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:22:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a56a827da3b543629e3b5a9577906b37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:22:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a56a827da3b543629e3b5a9577906b372023-11-30T22:39:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242136710.3390/ijms24021367Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc DegenerationJinsha Koroth0Erick O. Buko1Rebecca Abbott2Casey P. Johnson3Brenda M. Ogle4Laura S. Stone5Arin M. Ellingson6Elizabeth W. Bradley7Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAThe intervertebral disc (IVD) aids in motion and acts to absorb energy transmitted to the spine. With little inherent regenerative capacity, degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in intervertebral disc disease, which contributes to low back pain and significant disability in many individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that IVD degeneration is a disease of the whole joint that is associated with significant inflammation. Moreover, studies show elevated macrophage accumulation within the IVD with increasing levels of disease severity; however, we still need to understand the roles, be they causative or consequential, of macrophages during the degenerative process. In this narrative review, we discuss hallmarks of IVD degeneration, showcase evidence of macrophage involvement during disc degeneration, and explore burgeoning research aimed at understanding the molecular pathways regulating macrophage functions during intervertebral disc degeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1367Tgfβinflammationspinemacrophage polarizationhypoxialow back pain |
| spellingShingle | Jinsha Koroth Erick O. Buko Rebecca Abbott Casey P. Johnson Brenda M. Ogle Laura S. Stone Arin M. Ellingson Elizabeth W. Bradley Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences Tgfβ inflammation spine macrophage polarization hypoxia low back pain |
| title | Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_full | Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_short | Macrophages and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration |
| title_sort | macrophages and intervertebral disc degeneration |
| topic | Tgfβ inflammation spine macrophage polarization hypoxia low back pain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1367 |
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