Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq
<i>Amaranthaceae</i> (incl. <i>Chenopodiaceae</i>) shows an immense diversity of C<sub>4</sub> syndromes. More than 15 independent origins of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, and the largest number of C<sub>4</sub> species in eudicots signify...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12120 |
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| author | Christian Siadjeu Maximilian Lauterbach Gudrun Kadereit |
| author_facet | Christian Siadjeu Maximilian Lauterbach Gudrun Kadereit |
| author_sort | Christian Siadjeu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Amaranthaceae</i> (incl. <i>Chenopodiaceae</i>) shows an immense diversity of C<sub>4</sub> syndromes. More than 15 independent origins of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, and the largest number of C<sub>4</sub> species in eudicots signify the importance of this angiosperm lineage in C<sub>4</sub> evolution. Here, we conduct RNA-Seq followed by comparative transcriptome analysis of three species from <i>Camphorosmeae</i> representing related clades with different photosynthetic types: <i>Threlkeldia diffusa</i> (C<sub>3</sub>), <i>Sedobassia sedoides</i> (C<sub>2</sub>), and <i>Bassia prostrata</i> (C<sub>4</sub>). Results show that <i>B. prostrata</i> belongs to the NADP-ME type and core genes encoding for C<sub>4</sub> cycle are significantly upregulated when compared with <i>Sed. sedoides</i> and <i>T. diffusa</i>. <i>Sedobassia sedoides</i> and <i>B. prostrata</i> share a number of upregulated C<sub>4</sub>-related genes; however, two C<sub>4</sub> transporters (DIT and TPT) are found significantly upregulated only in <i>Sed. sedoides</i>. Combined analysis of transcription factors (TFs) of the closely related lineages (<i>Camphorosmeae</i> and <i>Salsoleae</i>) revealed that no C<sub>3</sub>-specific TFs are higher in C<sub>2</sub> species compared with C<sub>4</sub> species; instead, the C<sub>2</sub> species show their own set of upregulated TFs. Taken together, our study indicates that the hypothesis of the C<sub>2</sub> photosynthesis as a proxy towards C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis is questionable in <i>Sed. sedoides</i> and more in favour of an independent evolutionary stable state. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:26:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a56cb2b3f0994006ab4776913b38c55e2023-11-22T23:37:25ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-11-0122221212010.3390/ijms222212120Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-SeqChristian Siadjeu0Maximilian Lauterbach1Gudrun Kadereit2Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80638 Munich, GermanyMartinstraße 20, 55116 Mainz, GermanySystematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany<i>Amaranthaceae</i> (incl. <i>Chenopodiaceae</i>) shows an immense diversity of C<sub>4</sub> syndromes. More than 15 independent origins of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, and the largest number of C<sub>4</sub> species in eudicots signify the importance of this angiosperm lineage in C<sub>4</sub> evolution. Here, we conduct RNA-Seq followed by comparative transcriptome analysis of three species from <i>Camphorosmeae</i> representing related clades with different photosynthetic types: <i>Threlkeldia diffusa</i> (C<sub>3</sub>), <i>Sedobassia sedoides</i> (C<sub>2</sub>), and <i>Bassia prostrata</i> (C<sub>4</sub>). Results show that <i>B. prostrata</i> belongs to the NADP-ME type and core genes encoding for C<sub>4</sub> cycle are significantly upregulated when compared with <i>Sed. sedoides</i> and <i>T. diffusa</i>. <i>Sedobassia sedoides</i> and <i>B. prostrata</i> share a number of upregulated C<sub>4</sub>-related genes; however, two C<sub>4</sub> transporters (DIT and TPT) are found significantly upregulated only in <i>Sed. sedoides</i>. Combined analysis of transcription factors (TFs) of the closely related lineages (<i>Camphorosmeae</i> and <i>Salsoleae</i>) revealed that no C<sub>3</sub>-specific TFs are higher in C<sub>2</sub> species compared with C<sub>4</sub> species; instead, the C<sub>2</sub> species show their own set of upregulated TFs. Taken together, our study indicates that the hypothesis of the C<sub>2</sub> photosynthesis as a proxy towards C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis is questionable in <i>Sed. sedoides</i> and more in favour of an independent evolutionary stable state.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12120<i>Amaranthaceae</i>C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesisCaryophyllales<i>Chenopodiaceae</i>complex trait evolutiongene regulation |
| spellingShingle | Christian Siadjeu Maximilian Lauterbach Gudrun Kadereit Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Amaranthaceae</i> C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis Caryophyllales <i>Chenopodiaceae</i> complex trait evolution gene regulation |
| title | Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq |
| title_full | Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq |
| title_fullStr | Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq |
| title_short | Insights into Regulation of C<sub>2</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> Photosynthesis in <i>Amaranthaceae</i>/<i>Chenopodiaceae</i> Using RNA-Seq |
| title_sort | insights into regulation of c sub 2 sub and c sub 4 sub photosynthesis in i amaranthaceae i i chenopodiaceae i using rna seq |
| topic | <i>Amaranthaceae</i> C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis Caryophyllales <i>Chenopodiaceae</i> complex trait evolution gene regulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12120 |
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