The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace
Context: Today, India faces increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria, which is a global health burden. Plasmodium vivax which was once considered to have a benign course, is now being increasingly associated with complicated malaria. Studies which have been done on the increasing virulen...
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| Format: | Article |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2013-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2960/19-%205652_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(N)_OLF.pdf |
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| author | Prasun Bhattacharjee Suparna Dubey Vijay Kumar Gupta Prerana Agarwal Mathura Prasad Mahato |
| author_facet | Prasun Bhattacharjee Suparna Dubey Vijay Kumar Gupta Prerana Agarwal Mathura Prasad Mahato |
| author_sort | Prasun Bhattacharjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: Today, India faces increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria, which is a global health burden. Plasmodium
vivax which was once considered to have a benign course, is
now being increasingly associated with complicated malaria.
Studies which have been done on the increasing virulence of P.
Vivax in children, are exceptionally rare.
Aims: This study has addressed some of the hitherto unanswered questions, such as:
• This study has tried to explore the wide spectrum of severe
illnesses which are associated with P.vivax malaria in children.
• Other co-morbid conditions, which include a co-infection
with P.falciparum, have been excluded with great care, to assess the increased virulence of P. Vivax.
• The present study was focused on the paediatric population
with a large sample size of 168 subjects.
Settings and Design: This was an observational retrospective
analysis on the clinicopathologic manifestations of the paediatric cases which were admitted with severe malaria due to a
mono-infection with Plasmodium vivax, in a tertiary-care centre in the national capital region, India.
Methods and Material: The diagnosis of the mono-infection
with P. Vivax malaria was established by making peripheral
blood films (PBFs) and by doing rapid diagnostic tests. The severe forms of malaria were categorized as per the World Health
Organization guidelines and the clinical and laboratory findings
in these cases of complicated malaria were studied.
Statistics: A descriptive statistical analysis was done by using
the SPSS software and an Excel worksheet.
Results: This comprehensive study revealed a multisystem
involvement. Abdominal manifestations were observed in
75(45.8%) cases (which included hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites) and hepatic dysfunction and jaundice were observed in 28(16.7%) cases. The
haematological tests showed moderate to severe anaemia
in 151(89.9%) cases and thrombocytopaenia in 138(82.1%)
cases. Petechiae were noted in 45(26.8%) cases and a gross
bleeding was noted in 9(5.3%) cases. The respiratory findings
which included tachypnoea, pleural effusions and ARDS were
observed in 22(13.1%) cases. Renal dysfunction was noted
clinically in 20(11.9%) cases and biochemically in 16(9.5%)
cases. Shock was observed in 7(4.1%) cases, cerebral malaria
was observed in 10(5.9%) cases and hypoglycaemia was observed in 5(3%) cases. Multi-organ dysfunction was detected
in 11(6.54%) cases. The complications were more severe in
the younger children (0-5 years).
Conclusions: A mono-infection with P. Vivax may lead to severe malaria and this increased virulence has resulted in the
changing picture of P. Vivax malaria, leading to a spectrum of
complications which are similar to those which are traditionally
associated with P. Falciparum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:35:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a57ff4ba051f4623b7be440e60a6e415 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:35:21Z |
| publishDate | 2013-05-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-a57ff4ba051f4623b7be440e60a6e4152022-12-22T00:14:19ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-05-017586186710.7860/JCDR/2013/5652.2960The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing MenacePrasun Bhattacharjee0Suparna Dubey1Vijay Kumar Gupta2Prerana Agarwal3Mathura Prasad Mahato 4Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics.Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology.Professor, Department of Paediatrics.Senior Resident, Department of Ophthalmology.Professor, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P., India.Context: Today, India faces increasing morbidity and mortality due to malaria, which is a global health burden. Plasmodium vivax which was once considered to have a benign course, is now being increasingly associated with complicated malaria. Studies which have been done on the increasing virulence of P. Vivax in children, are exceptionally rare. Aims: This study has addressed some of the hitherto unanswered questions, such as: • This study has tried to explore the wide spectrum of severe illnesses which are associated with P.vivax malaria in children. • Other co-morbid conditions, which include a co-infection with P.falciparum, have been excluded with great care, to assess the increased virulence of P. Vivax. • The present study was focused on the paediatric population with a large sample size of 168 subjects. Settings and Design: This was an observational retrospective analysis on the clinicopathologic manifestations of the paediatric cases which were admitted with severe malaria due to a mono-infection with Plasmodium vivax, in a tertiary-care centre in the national capital region, India. Methods and Material: The diagnosis of the mono-infection with P. Vivax malaria was established by making peripheral blood films (PBFs) and by doing rapid diagnostic tests. The severe forms of malaria were categorized as per the World Health Organization guidelines and the clinical and laboratory findings in these cases of complicated malaria were studied. Statistics: A descriptive statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS software and an Excel worksheet. Results: This comprehensive study revealed a multisystem involvement. Abdominal manifestations were observed in 75(45.8%) cases (which included hepatosplenomegaly, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites) and hepatic dysfunction and jaundice were observed in 28(16.7%) cases. The haematological tests showed moderate to severe anaemia in 151(89.9%) cases and thrombocytopaenia in 138(82.1%) cases. Petechiae were noted in 45(26.8%) cases and a gross bleeding was noted in 9(5.3%) cases. The respiratory findings which included tachypnoea, pleural effusions and ARDS were observed in 22(13.1%) cases. Renal dysfunction was noted clinically in 20(11.9%) cases and biochemically in 16(9.5%) cases. Shock was observed in 7(4.1%) cases, cerebral malaria was observed in 10(5.9%) cases and hypoglycaemia was observed in 5(3%) cases. Multi-organ dysfunction was detected in 11(6.54%) cases. The complications were more severe in the younger children (0-5 years). Conclusions: A mono-infection with P. Vivax may lead to severe malaria and this increased virulence has resulted in the changing picture of P. Vivax malaria, leading to a spectrum of complications which are similar to those which are traditionally associated with P. Falciparum.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2960/19-%205652_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(N)_OLF.pdfplasmodium vivaxcomplicated malariasevere malaria |
| spellingShingle | Prasun Bhattacharjee Suparna Dubey Vijay Kumar Gupta Prerana Agarwal Mathura Prasad Mahato The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research plasmodium vivax complicated malaria severe malaria |
| title | The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace |
| title_full | The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace |
| title_fullStr | The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace |
| title_short | The Clinicopathologic Manifestations of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in Children: A Growing Menace |
| title_sort | clinicopathologic manifestations of plasmodium vivax malaria in children a growing menace |
| topic | plasmodium vivax complicated malaria severe malaria |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2960/19-%205652_E(C)_PF1(M)_F(P)_PF1(P)_PFA(N)_OLF.pdf |
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