Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation
Liquid–liquid membrane contactors (LLMCs) were studied as a sustainable technology for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Ammonia can be valorized by LLMCs as a potential nutrient and produce liquid fertilizers. Thus, this work aims for the study of different experimental LLMC conditions to produce a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/663 |
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| author | Mònica Reig Xanel Vecino Miguel Aguilar-Moreno César Valderrama José Luis Cortina |
| author_facet | Mònica Reig Xanel Vecino Miguel Aguilar-Moreno César Valderrama José Luis Cortina |
| author_sort | Mònica Reig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liquid–liquid membrane contactors (LLMCs) were studied as a sustainable technology for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Ammonia can be valorized by LLMCs as a potential nutrient and produce liquid fertilizers. Thus, this work aims for the study of different experimental LLMC conditions to produce ammonium salts by an acid stripping stream. The experiments were conducted using two 3M<sup>TM</sup>Liqui-Cell<sup>TM</sup> LLMC in a series, located in the vertical position and using HNO<sub>3</sub> as the acid stripping solution. The flow rates for the feed and stripping sides were fixed during the tests, and two steps were conducted based on previous works. However, different experimental conditions were evaluated to determine its effect on the overall performance: (i) replacing the feed or stripping solution between the steps, (ii) the initial ammonia concentration of the feed solution, (iii) feed volume and (iv) feed temperature. The results demonstrated that better achievements were obtained replacing the acid stripping solution between steps, whereas the feed temperature did not substantially affect the overall performance. Additionally, a high initial ammonia concentration provided more ammonia recovery, although the concentration factor achieved was higher for the low initial ammonia concentration. Finally, a high feed volume afforded better results for the fertilizer side, whereas more NH<sub>3</sub> recovery was achieved using less feed volume. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:24:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a58f47af7b4245c1bf7b5f2e8a698fcc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:24:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-a58f47af7b4245c1bf7b5f2e8a698fcc2023-11-30T21:25:57ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-06-0112766310.3390/membranes12070663Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions EvaluationMònica Reig0Xanel Vecino1Miguel Aguilar-Moreno2César Valderrama3José Luis Cortina4Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, SpainChemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, SpainChemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, SpainChemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, SpainChemical Engineering Department, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08930 Barcelona, SpainLiquid–liquid membrane contactors (LLMCs) were studied as a sustainable technology for ammonia recovery from wastewater. Ammonia can be valorized by LLMCs as a potential nutrient and produce liquid fertilizers. Thus, this work aims for the study of different experimental LLMC conditions to produce ammonium salts by an acid stripping stream. The experiments were conducted using two 3M<sup>TM</sup>Liqui-Cell<sup>TM</sup> LLMC in a series, located in the vertical position and using HNO<sub>3</sub> as the acid stripping solution. The flow rates for the feed and stripping sides were fixed during the tests, and two steps were conducted based on previous works. However, different experimental conditions were evaluated to determine its effect on the overall performance: (i) replacing the feed or stripping solution between the steps, (ii) the initial ammonia concentration of the feed solution, (iii) feed volume and (iv) feed temperature. The results demonstrated that better achievements were obtained replacing the acid stripping solution between steps, whereas the feed temperature did not substantially affect the overall performance. Additionally, a high initial ammonia concentration provided more ammonia recovery, although the concentration factor achieved was higher for the low initial ammonia concentration. Finally, a high feed volume afforded better results for the fertilizer side, whereas more NH<sub>3</sub> recovery was achieved using less feed volume.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/663acid strippingconcentrationvolumetemperatureammonium saltsrecovery |
| spellingShingle | Mònica Reig Xanel Vecino Miguel Aguilar-Moreno César Valderrama José Luis Cortina Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation Membranes acid stripping concentration volume temperature ammonium salts recovery |
| title | Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation |
| title_full | Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation |
| title_short | Ammonia Valorization by Liquid–Liquid Membrane Contactors for Liquid Fertilizers Production: Experimental Conditions Evaluation |
| title_sort | ammonia valorization by liquid liquid membrane contactors for liquid fertilizers production experimental conditions evaluation |
| topic | acid stripping concentration volume temperature ammonium salts recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/7/663 |
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