Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria
Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) virus of free-range turkeys may be linked to outbreaks of ND in backyard chickens seen during Harmattan in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ND virus and (NDV) detect NDV in the feces of free-range, domestic t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Veterinary World
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary World |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/July-2020/6.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818621960136949760 |
|---|---|
| author | Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor Paul Chukwuemeka Animoke Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu Chinwe Justina Aronu John Anelom Nwanta Boniface Anene John Ositadimma Okoye |
| author_facet | Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor Paul Chukwuemeka Animoke Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu Chinwe Justina Aronu John Anelom Nwanta Boniface Anene John Ositadimma Okoye |
| author_sort | Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) virus of free-range turkeys may be linked to outbreaks of ND in backyard chickens seen during Harmattan in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ND virus and (NDV) detect NDV in the feces of free-range, domestic turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A total of 569 serum and 569 cloacal swab samples were collected from adult turkeys in selected households that keep turkeys and chickens together in the study area. The serum samples were assayed for antibodies against NDV using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whereas the cloacal samples were subjected to virus detection using a hemagglutination (HA) test.
Results: A total of 186 serum samples (32.7%) were positive for NDV and 383 (67.3%) were negative. Of the 186 NDV-positive serum samples, 138 (74.2%) had HI titers ≥ 8. The remaining 48 (25.8%) serum samples had HI titers <8. NDV was detected from the cloacal swabs of turkeys with NDV -positive serum samples.
Conclusion: The turkeys in this study were not previously vaccinated with the NDV vaccine; thus, those with NDV -positive serum samples and virus shedding in their feces may be potential risks to chickens reared in the same households as well as on commercial farms in the area. Those turkeys with sera negative for NDV are regarded to be at risk if they encounter a virulent strain of NDV. Regular vaccination of turkeys against the NDV is advised, especially in backyard farms, where turkeys are reared together with chickens and other species of poultry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:17:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a590529c33fa4bc3a15f23eb8c471308 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:17:34Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-a590529c33fa4bc3a15f23eb8c4713082022-12-21T22:21:38ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162020-07-011371288129310.14202/vetworld.2020.1288-1293Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, NigeriaObianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9255-0728Paul Chukwuemeka Animoke1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-1101Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-6818Chinwe Justina Aronu3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3978-2121John Anelom Nwanta4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-8005Boniface Anene5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-0583John Ositadimma Okoye6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-3626Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Animal Health and Production; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) virus of free-range turkeys may be linked to outbreaks of ND in backyard chickens seen during Harmattan in Enugu State in Southeast Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ND virus and (NDV) detect NDV in the feces of free-range, domestic turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 569 serum and 569 cloacal swab samples were collected from adult turkeys in selected households that keep turkeys and chickens together in the study area. The serum samples were assayed for antibodies against NDV using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whereas the cloacal samples were subjected to virus detection using a hemagglutination (HA) test. Results: A total of 186 serum samples (32.7%) were positive for NDV and 383 (67.3%) were negative. Of the 186 NDV-positive serum samples, 138 (74.2%) had HI titers ≥ 8. The remaining 48 (25.8%) serum samples had HI titers <8. NDV was detected from the cloacal swabs of turkeys with NDV -positive serum samples. Conclusion: The turkeys in this study were not previously vaccinated with the NDV vaccine; thus, those with NDV -positive serum samples and virus shedding in their feces may be potential risks to chickens reared in the same households as well as on commercial farms in the area. Those turkeys with sera negative for NDV are regarded to be at risk if they encounter a virulent strain of NDV. Regular vaccination of turkeys against the NDV is advised, especially in backyard farms, where turkeys are reared together with chickens and other species of poultry.http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/July-2020/6.pdfnewcastle diseaseprevalenceturkeysvirus shedding |
| spellingShingle | Obianuju Nkiruka Okoroafor Paul Chukwuemeka Animoke Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu Chinwe Justina Aronu John Anelom Nwanta Boniface Anene John Ositadimma Okoye Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria Veterinary World newcastle disease prevalence turkeys virus shedding |
| title | Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria |
| title_full | Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria |
| title_short | Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in feces of free-range turkeys in Enugu, Nigeria |
| title_sort | prevalence of newcastle disease virus in feces of free range turkeys in enugu nigeria |
| topic | newcastle disease prevalence turkeys virus shedding |
| url | http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/July-2020/6.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT obianujunkirukaokoroafor prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT paulchukwuemekaanimoke prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT edmundchidieberembegbu prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT chinwejustinaaronu prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT johnanelomnwanta prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT bonifaceanene prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria AT johnositadimmaokoye prevalenceofnewcastlediseasevirusinfecesoffreerangeturkeysinenugunigeria |