Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population
Abstract Objective Anatomical parameters and pathologies that can affect the critical shoulder angle (CSA) are subjects of discussion. To date, we do not know if the CSA value changes in the different decades of life in a population characterized by the same ethnicity, nor if there are differences r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-022-00627-w |
| _version_ | 1819279730700976128 |
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| author | S. Gumina G. Polizzotti A. Spagnoli S. Carbone V. Candela |
| author_facet | S. Gumina G. Polizzotti A. Spagnoli S. Carbone V. Candela |
| author_sort | S. Gumina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Anatomical parameters and pathologies that can affect the critical shoulder angle (CSA) are subjects of discussion. To date, we do not know if the CSA value changes in the different decades of life in a population characterized by the same ethnicity, nor if there are differences related to gender or side. This study hypothesizes that age and gender may affect the CSA. Methods Patients older than 15 years old affected by a shoulder trauma and who were discharged with a diagnosis of shoulder contusion were enrolled. A true AP view of the shoulder was obtained as well as data regarding age and gender of all participants. The CSA was measured by three authors, and interoperator reliability was assessed. Eight subcategories, according to decades of life, were considered. Finally, the studied population was divided into three subcategories according to CSA values (< 30°; 30–35°; ≥ 35°). Results The initial sample comprised 3587 shoulder X-rays. The interobserver reproducibility was high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.865 (95% CI 0.793–0.915). Two thousand eight hundred seventy-three radiograms were excluded. The studied group comprised 714 patients [431 females, 283 males; mean age (SD): 47.2 (20.9) years, range: 11–93 years]. The mean CSA was 33.6° (range: 24–50°; SD: 3.9°). The mean CSA values in females and males were 33.7°and 33.5°, respectively. The mean CSA values of the right and left shoulders were 33.3° and 33.9°, respectively (p > 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed a CSA increase by 0.04° every year. The mean CSA in subjects aged between 15 and 19 years was significantly lower than all the other groups, except for patients older than 80 years. No significant differences were found between CSA subcategories, gender, or side. Conclusions In the general population, the mean CSA value was 33.6°. No significant differences were found regarding the mean CSA value according to gender or side. A significant positive linear correlation between CSA and age was detected. In each decade of life, the CSA value, which is genetically determined, shows a large variability. Level of evidence: IV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:32:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5937f5823b84d6d80216a804dbf35cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1590-9921 1590-9999 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T00:32:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5937f5823b84d6d80216a804dbf35cb2022-12-21T17:24:12ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology1590-99211590-99992022-02-012311710.1186/s10195-022-00627-wCritical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general populationS. Gumina0G. Polizzotti1A. Spagnoli2S. Carbone3V. Candela4Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Sapienza University of RomeDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of RomeOrthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, San Feliciano HospitalDepartment of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, University of RomeAbstract Objective Anatomical parameters and pathologies that can affect the critical shoulder angle (CSA) are subjects of discussion. To date, we do not know if the CSA value changes in the different decades of life in a population characterized by the same ethnicity, nor if there are differences related to gender or side. This study hypothesizes that age and gender may affect the CSA. Methods Patients older than 15 years old affected by a shoulder trauma and who were discharged with a diagnosis of shoulder contusion were enrolled. A true AP view of the shoulder was obtained as well as data regarding age and gender of all participants. The CSA was measured by three authors, and interoperator reliability was assessed. Eight subcategories, according to decades of life, were considered. Finally, the studied population was divided into three subcategories according to CSA values (< 30°; 30–35°; ≥ 35°). Results The initial sample comprised 3587 shoulder X-rays. The interobserver reproducibility was high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.865 (95% CI 0.793–0.915). Two thousand eight hundred seventy-three radiograms were excluded. The studied group comprised 714 patients [431 females, 283 males; mean age (SD): 47.2 (20.9) years, range: 11–93 years]. The mean CSA was 33.6° (range: 24–50°; SD: 3.9°). The mean CSA values in females and males were 33.7°and 33.5°, respectively. The mean CSA values of the right and left shoulders were 33.3° and 33.9°, respectively (p > 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed a CSA increase by 0.04° every year. The mean CSA in subjects aged between 15 and 19 years was significantly lower than all the other groups, except for patients older than 80 years. No significant differences were found between CSA subcategories, gender, or side. Conclusions In the general population, the mean CSA value was 33.6°. No significant differences were found regarding the mean CSA value according to gender or side. A significant positive linear correlation between CSA and age was detected. In each decade of life, the CSA value, which is genetically determined, shows a large variability. Level of evidence: IV.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-022-00627-wCritical shoulder angleRotator cuff tear etiologyRotator cuff tear risk factorsExtrinsic factors for rotator cuff tearScapular anatomyGlenoid inclination |
| spellingShingle | S. Gumina G. Polizzotti A. Spagnoli S. Carbone V. Candela Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Critical shoulder angle Rotator cuff tear etiology Rotator cuff tear risk factors Extrinsic factors for rotator cuff tear Scapular anatomy Glenoid inclination |
| title | Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population |
| title_full | Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population |
| title_fullStr | Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population |
| title_short | Critical shoulder angle (CSA): age and gender distribution in the general population |
| title_sort | critical shoulder angle csa age and gender distribution in the general population |
| topic | Critical shoulder angle Rotator cuff tear etiology Rotator cuff tear risk factors Extrinsic factors for rotator cuff tear Scapular anatomy Glenoid inclination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-022-00627-w |
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