An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical entity defined as the triad of nonimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure, in which the underlying lesions are mediated by systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Different causes can induce the TMA process that characte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2015-09-01
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| Series: | Nefrología (English Edition) |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2013251415000991 |
| _version_ | 1828968615302397952 |
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| author | Josep M. Campistol Manuel Arias Gema Ariceta Miguel Blasco Laura Espinosa Mario Espinosa Josep M. Grinyó Manuel Macía Santiago Mendizábal Manuel Praga Elena Román Roser Torra Francisco Valdés Ramón Vilalta Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba |
| author_facet | Josep M. Campistol Manuel Arias Gema Ariceta Miguel Blasco Laura Espinosa Mario Espinosa Josep M. Grinyó Manuel Macía Santiago Mendizábal Manuel Praga Elena Román Roser Torra Francisco Valdés Ramón Vilalta Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba |
| author_sort | Josep M. Campistol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical entity defined as the triad of nonimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure, in which the underlying lesions are mediated by systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Different causes can induce the TMA process that characterises HUS. In this document we consider atypical HUS (aHUS) a sub-type of HUS in which the TMA phenomena are the consequence of the endotelial damage in the microvasculature of the kidneys and other organs due to a disregulation of the activity of the complement system. In recent years, a variety of aHUs-related mutations have been identified in genes of the complement system, which can explain approximately 60% of the aHUS cases, and a number of mutations and polymorphisms have been functionally characterised. These findings have stablished that aHUS is a consequence of the insufficient regulation of the activation of the complement on cell surfaces, leading to endotelial damage mediated by C5 and the complement terminal pathway. Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the activation of C5 and blocks the generation of the pro-inflammatory molecule C5a and the formation of the cell membrane attack complex. In prospective studies in patients with aHUS, the use of Eculizumab has shown a fast and sustained interruption of the TMA process and it has been associated with significative long-term improvements in renal function, the interruption of plasma therapy and important reductions in the need of dialysis. According to the existing literature and the accumulated clinical experience, the Spanish aHUS Group published a consensus document with recommendations for the treatment of aHUs (Nefrologia 2013;33[1]:27–45). In the current online version of this document, we update the aetiological classification of TMAs, the pathophysiology of aHUS, its differential diagnosis and its therapeutic management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:13:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a594eaf23d4b4491a696b04aa7f17f42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2013-2514 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:13:47Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nefrología (English Edition) |
| spelling | doaj.art-a594eaf23d4b4491a696b04aa7f17f422022-12-21T23:01:40ZengElsevierNefrología (English Edition)2013-25142015-09-0135542144710.1016/j.nefroe.2015.11.006An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus documentJosep M. Campistol0Manuel Arias1Gema Ariceta2Miguel Blasco3Laura Espinosa4Mario Espinosa5Josep M. Grinyó6Manuel Macía7Santiago Mendizábal8Manuel Praga9Elena Román10Roser Torra11Francisco Valdés12Ramón Vilalta13Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba14Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínic, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitari Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínic, Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital La Paz, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Virgen de la Candelaria, Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital La Fe, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital La Fe, Enfermedades Renales Hereditarias, Fundació Puigvert, Servicio de Nefrología, Complejo Hospitalario A Coruña, Servicio de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitari Materno-Infantil Vall d’Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Departamento de Medicina Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical entity defined as the triad of nonimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure, in which the underlying lesions are mediated by systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Different causes can induce the TMA process that characterises HUS. In this document we consider atypical HUS (aHUS) a sub-type of HUS in which the TMA phenomena are the consequence of the endotelial damage in the microvasculature of the kidneys and other organs due to a disregulation of the activity of the complement system. In recent years, a variety of aHUs-related mutations have been identified in genes of the complement system, which can explain approximately 60% of the aHUS cases, and a number of mutations and polymorphisms have been functionally characterised. These findings have stablished that aHUS is a consequence of the insufficient regulation of the activation of the complement on cell surfaces, leading to endotelial damage mediated by C5 and the complement terminal pathway. Eculizumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the activation of C5 and blocks the generation of the pro-inflammatory molecule C5a and the formation of the cell membrane attack complex. In prospective studies in patients with aHUS, the use of Eculizumab has shown a fast and sustained interruption of the TMA process and it has been associated with significative long-term improvements in renal function, the interruption of plasma therapy and important reductions in the need of dialysis. According to the existing literature and the accumulated clinical experience, the Spanish aHUS Group published a consensus document with recommendations for the treatment of aHUs (Nefrologia 2013;33[1]:27–45). In the current online version of this document, we update the aetiological classification of TMAs, the pathophysiology of aHUS, its differential diagnosis and its therapeutic management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2013251415000991Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndromeEculizumabComplementThrombotic microangiopathy |
| spellingShingle | Josep M. Campistol Manuel Arias Gema Ariceta Miguel Blasco Laura Espinosa Mario Espinosa Josep M. Grinyó Manuel Macía Santiago Mendizábal Manuel Praga Elena Román Roser Torra Francisco Valdés Ramón Vilalta Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document Nefrología (English Edition) Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome Eculizumab Complement Thrombotic microangiopathy |
| title | An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document |
| title_full | An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document |
| title_fullStr | An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document |
| title_full_unstemmed | An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document |
| title_short | An update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: Diagnosis and treatment. A consensus document |
| title_sort | update for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome diagnosis and treatment a consensus document |
| topic | Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome Eculizumab Complement Thrombotic microangiopathy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2013251415000991 |
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