Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
The NOAA-NPS Ocean Noise Reference Station Network (NRS) is a passive acoustic monitoring effort to record the low-frequency (<2 kHz) sound field throughout the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Data collection began in 2014 and spans 12 acoustic recording locations. To date, NRS datasets have be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2023.994518/full |
| _version_ | 1828043496125104128 |
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| author | Emma J. Pearson William K. Oestreich John P. Ryan Samara M. Haver Samara M. Haver Jason Gedamke Robert P. Dziak Carrie C. Wall Carrie C. Wall |
| author_facet | Emma J. Pearson William K. Oestreich John P. Ryan Samara M. Haver Samara M. Haver Jason Gedamke Robert P. Dziak Carrie C. Wall Carrie C. Wall |
| author_sort | Emma J. Pearson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The NOAA-NPS Ocean Noise Reference Station Network (NRS) is a passive acoustic monitoring effort to record the low-frequency (<2 kHz) sound field throughout the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Data collection began in 2014 and spans 12 acoustic recording locations. To date, NRS datasets have been analyzed to understand spatial variation of large-scale sound levels, however, assessment of specific sound sources is an area where these datasets can provide additional insights. To understand seasonal patterns of blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, and fin whale, B. physalus, sound production in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, this study explored data recorded between 2014 and 2020 from four NRS recording sites. A call index (CI) was used to quantify the intensity of blue whale B calls and fin whale 20 Hz pulses. Diel and seasonal patterns were then determined in the context of their migratory patterns. Most sites shared similar patterns in blue whale CI: persistent acoustic presence for 4–5 months starting by August and ending by February with a CI maximum in October or November. Fin whale patterns included persistent acoustic presence for 5–7 months starting by October and ending before April with a CI maximum between October and December. The diel patterning of blue whale song varied across the sites with the Gulf of Alaska, Olympic Coast, Cordell Bank, and Channel Islands (2014–2015) exhibiting a tendency towards nighttime song detection. However, this diel pattern was not observed at Channel Islands (2018–2020). Fin whale song detection was distributed evenly across day and night at most recording sites and months, however, a tendency toward nighttime song detection was observed in Cordell Bank during fall, and Gulf of Alaska and Olympic Coast during spring. Understanding call and migration patterns for blue and fin whales is essential for conservation efforts. By using passive acoustic monitoring and efficient detection methods, such as CI, it is possible to process large amounts of bioacoustic data and better understand the migratory behaviors of endangered marine species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a59929d7408c4ccba39d8aa46556cecf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6187 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-a59929d7408c4ccba39d8aa46556cecf2023-02-03T10:26:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Remote Sensing2673-61872023-02-01410.3389/frsen.2023.994518994518Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific OceanEmma J. Pearson0William K. Oestreich1John P. Ryan2Samara M. Haver3Samara M. Haver4Jason Gedamke5Robert P. Dziak6Carrie C. Wall7Carrie C. Wall8Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesHopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United StatesMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, United StatesDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United StatesCooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United StatesOffice of Science and Technology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD, United StatesPacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Newport, OR, United StatesCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesNational Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, United StatesThe NOAA-NPS Ocean Noise Reference Station Network (NRS) is a passive acoustic monitoring effort to record the low-frequency (<2 kHz) sound field throughout the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. Data collection began in 2014 and spans 12 acoustic recording locations. To date, NRS datasets have been analyzed to understand spatial variation of large-scale sound levels, however, assessment of specific sound sources is an area where these datasets can provide additional insights. To understand seasonal patterns of blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, and fin whale, B. physalus, sound production in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, this study explored data recorded between 2014 and 2020 from four NRS recording sites. A call index (CI) was used to quantify the intensity of blue whale B calls and fin whale 20 Hz pulses. Diel and seasonal patterns were then determined in the context of their migratory patterns. Most sites shared similar patterns in blue whale CI: persistent acoustic presence for 4–5 months starting by August and ending by February with a CI maximum in October or November. Fin whale patterns included persistent acoustic presence for 5–7 months starting by October and ending before April with a CI maximum between October and December. The diel patterning of blue whale song varied across the sites with the Gulf of Alaska, Olympic Coast, Cordell Bank, and Channel Islands (2014–2015) exhibiting a tendency towards nighttime song detection. However, this diel pattern was not observed at Channel Islands (2018–2020). Fin whale song detection was distributed evenly across day and night at most recording sites and months, however, a tendency toward nighttime song detection was observed in Cordell Bank during fall, and Gulf of Alaska and Olympic Coast during spring. Understanding call and migration patterns for blue and fin whales is essential for conservation efforts. By using passive acoustic monitoring and efficient detection methods, such as CI, it is possible to process large amounts of bioacoustic data and better understand the migratory behaviors of endangered marine species.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2023.994518/fullpassive acoustic monitoringblue whalefin whalesound productionNortheast Pacific Oceanocean noise reference station network |
| spellingShingle | Emma J. Pearson William K. Oestreich John P. Ryan Samara M. Haver Samara M. Haver Jason Gedamke Robert P. Dziak Carrie C. Wall Carrie C. Wall Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean Frontiers in Remote Sensing passive acoustic monitoring blue whale fin whale sound production Northeast Pacific Ocean ocean noise reference station network |
| title | Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean |
| title_full | Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean |
| title_short | Widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean |
| title_sort | widespread passive acoustic monitoring reveals spatio temporal patterns of blue and fin whale song vocalizations in the northeast pacific ocean |
| topic | passive acoustic monitoring blue whale fin whale sound production Northeast Pacific Ocean ocean noise reference station network |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2023.994518/full |
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