Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism
A common malignancy that affects women is breast cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Metabolic reprogramming occurs during cancer growth, invasion, and metastases. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) methods comprising an array of techniques have shown potentia...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/295 |
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| author | Uma Sharma Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan |
| author_facet | Uma Sharma Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan |
| author_sort | Uma Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A common malignancy that affects women is breast cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Metabolic reprogramming occurs during cancer growth, invasion, and metastases. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) methods comprising an array of techniques have shown potential for illustrating physiological and molecular processes changes before anatomical manifestations on conventional MR imaging. Among these, in vivo proton (<sup>1</sup>H) MR spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used for differentiating breast malignancy from benign diseases by measuring elevated choline-containing compounds. Further, the use of hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>31</sup>P MRS enhanced the understanding of glucose and phospholipid metabolism. The metabolic profiling of an array of biological specimens (intact tissues, tissue extracts, and various biofluids such as blood, urine, nipple aspirates, and fine needle aspirates) can also be investigated through in vitro high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution magic angle spectroscopy (HRMAS). Such studies can provide information on more metabolites than what is seen by in vivo MRS, thus providing a deeper insight into cancer biology and metabolism. The analysis of a large number of NMR spectral data sets through multivariate statistical methods classified the tumor sub-types. It showed enormous potential in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recently, multiparametric MRI approaches were found to be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiology of cancer by quantifying structural, vasculature, diffusion, perfusion, and metabolic abnormalities in vivo. This review focuses on the applications of NMR, MRS, and MRI methods in understanding breast cancer biology and in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:24:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a59a7ef96776420d81f2029f998a7a91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:24:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a59a7ef96776420d81f2029f998a7a912023-12-03T13:42:48ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-03-0112429510.3390/metabo12040295Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and MetabolismUma Sharma0Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan1Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, IndiaDepartment of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Chennai 603 103, IndiaA common malignancy that affects women is breast cancer. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Metabolic reprogramming occurs during cancer growth, invasion, and metastases. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) methods comprising an array of techniques have shown potential for illustrating physiological and molecular processes changes before anatomical manifestations on conventional MR imaging. Among these, in vivo proton (<sup>1</sup>H) MR spectroscopy (MRS) is widely used for differentiating breast malignancy from benign diseases by measuring elevated choline-containing compounds. Further, the use of hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>31</sup>P MRS enhanced the understanding of glucose and phospholipid metabolism. The metabolic profiling of an array of biological specimens (intact tissues, tissue extracts, and various biofluids such as blood, urine, nipple aspirates, and fine needle aspirates) can also be investigated through in vitro high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution magic angle spectroscopy (HRMAS). Such studies can provide information on more metabolites than what is seen by in vivo MRS, thus providing a deeper insight into cancer biology and metabolism. The analysis of a large number of NMR spectral data sets through multivariate statistical methods classified the tumor sub-types. It showed enormous potential in the development of new therapeutic approaches. Recently, multiparametric MRI approaches were found to be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiology of cancer by quantifying structural, vasculature, diffusion, perfusion, and metabolic abnormalities in vivo. This review focuses on the applications of NMR, MRS, and MRI methods in understanding breast cancer biology and in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/295breast cancerbiologymetabolismmetabolomicsnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| spellingShingle | Uma Sharma Naranamangalam R. Jagannathan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism Metabolites breast cancer biology metabolism metabolomics nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| title | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism |
| title_full | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism |
| title_short | Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopic Methods in Understanding Breast Cancer Biology and Metabolism |
| title_sort | magnetic resonance imaging mri and mr spectroscopic methods in understanding breast cancer biology and metabolism |
| topic | breast cancer biology metabolism metabolomics nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/4/295 |
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