Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein synthesized and secreted by multiple mammalian tissues. Although hepatocytes contribute about 75% of the peripheral pool, APOE can also be expressed in adipose tissue, the kidney, and the adrenal glands, among other tissues. High levels of APOE pr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Neurobiology of Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612030084X |
| _version_ | 1830192526112325632 |
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| author | Ana B. Martínez-Martínez Elena Torres-Perez Nicholas Devanney Raquel Del Moral Lance A. Johnson Jose M. Arbones-Mainar |
| author_facet | Ana B. Martínez-Martínez Elena Torres-Perez Nicholas Devanney Raquel Del Moral Lance A. Johnson Jose M. Arbones-Mainar |
| author_sort | Ana B. Martínez-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein synthesized and secreted by multiple mammalian tissues. Although hepatocytes contribute about 75% of the peripheral pool, APOE can also be expressed in adipose tissue, the kidney, and the adrenal glands, among other tissues. High levels of APOE production also occur in the brain, where it is primarily synthesized by glia, and peripheral and brain APOE pools are thought to be distinct. In humans, APOE is polymorphic, with three major alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These allelic forms dramatically alter APOE structure and function. Historically, the vast majority of research on APOE has centered on the important role it plays in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, the established effects of this pleiotropic protein extend well beyond these two critical health challenges, with demonstrated roles across a wide spectrum of biological conditions, including adipose tissue function and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, fertility and longevity, and immune function.While the spectrum of biological systems in which APOE plays a role seems implausibly wide at first glance, there are some potential unifying mechanisms that could tie these seemingly disparate disorders together. In the current review, we aim to concisely summarize a wide breadth of APOE-associated pathologies and to analyze the influence of APOE in the development of several distinct disorders in order to provide insight into potential shared mechanisms implied in these various pathophysiological processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:58:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a59c5a89959042e7b9a3aeb95100d42b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-953X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:58:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurobiology of Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-a59c5a89959042e7b9a3aeb95100d42b2022-12-21T21:28:01ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2020-05-01138104809Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOEAna B. Martínez-Martínez0Elena Torres-Perez1Nicholas Devanney2Raquel Del Moral3Lance A. Johnson4Jose M. Arbones-Mainar5Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 40536 Lexington, KY, USAInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 40536 Lexington, KY, USA; Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 40536 Lexington, KY, USAInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author at: Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Unidad de Investigacion Traslacional, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein synthesized and secreted by multiple mammalian tissues. Although hepatocytes contribute about 75% of the peripheral pool, APOE can also be expressed in adipose tissue, the kidney, and the adrenal glands, among other tissues. High levels of APOE production also occur in the brain, where it is primarily synthesized by glia, and peripheral and brain APOE pools are thought to be distinct. In humans, APOE is polymorphic, with three major alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These allelic forms dramatically alter APOE structure and function. Historically, the vast majority of research on APOE has centered on the important role it plays in modulating risk for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, the established effects of this pleiotropic protein extend well beyond these two critical health challenges, with demonstrated roles across a wide spectrum of biological conditions, including adipose tissue function and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, fertility and longevity, and immune function.While the spectrum of biological systems in which APOE plays a role seems implausibly wide at first glance, there are some potential unifying mechanisms that could tie these seemingly disparate disorders together. In the current review, we aim to concisely summarize a wide breadth of APOE-associated pathologies and to analyze the influence of APOE in the development of several distinct disorders in order to provide insight into potential shared mechanisms implied in these various pathophysiological processes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612030084XMechanismsObesityReviewDiabetesFertility |
| spellingShingle | Ana B. Martínez-Martínez Elena Torres-Perez Nicholas Devanney Raquel Del Moral Lance A. Johnson Jose M. Arbones-Mainar Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE Neurobiology of Disease Mechanisms Obesity Review Diabetes Fertility |
| title | Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE |
| title_full | Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE |
| title_fullStr | Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE |
| title_short | Beyond the CNS: The many peripheral roles of APOE |
| title_sort | beyond the cns the many peripheral roles of apoe |
| topic | Mechanisms Obesity Review Diabetes Fertility |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096999612030084X |
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