Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology
Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/435 |
| _version_ | 1797542132898070528 |
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| author | Makoto Ujike Fumihiro Taguchi |
| author_facet | Makoto Ujike Fumihiro Taguchi |
| author_sort | Makoto Ujike |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:26:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a59f42bccd624e9291f4bd6540629428 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:26:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a59f42bccd624e9291f4bd65406294282023-11-21T09:39:15ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-03-0113343510.3390/v13030435Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular BiologyMakoto Ujike0Fumihiro Taguchi1Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, JapanLaboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, JapanTorovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric diseases in animals and humans. In contrast to CoVs, which are recognised as pathogens of veterinary and medical importance, little attention has been paid to ToVs because their infections are usually asymptomatic or not severe; for a long time, only one equine ToV could be propagated in cultured cells. However, bovine ToVs, which predominantly cause diarrhoea in calves, have been detected worldwide, leading to economic losses. Porcine ToVs have also spread globally; although they have not caused serious economic losses, coinfections with other pathogens can exacerbate their symptoms. In addition, frequent inter- or intra-recombination among ToVs can increase pathogenesis or unpredicted host adaptation. These findings have highlighted the importance of ToVs as pathogens and the need for basic ToV research. Here, we review recent progress in the study of ToV molecular biology including reverse genetics, focusing on the similarities and differences between ToVs and CoVs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/435toroviruscoronavirusenteric diseasesreplicationtranscriptionnon-structural proteins |
| spellingShingle | Makoto Ujike Fumihiro Taguchi Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology Viruses torovirus coronavirus enteric diseases replication transcription non-structural proteins |
| title | Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology |
| title_full | Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology |
| title_fullStr | Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology |
| title_short | Recent Progress in Torovirus Molecular Biology |
| title_sort | recent progress in torovirus molecular biology |
| topic | torovirus coronavirus enteric diseases replication transcription non-structural proteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/435 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT makotoujike recentprogressintorovirusmolecularbiology AT fumihirotaguchi recentprogressintorovirusmolecularbiology |