Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor
Within the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates ach...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1844 |
| _version_ | 1797509389735690240 |
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| author | Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch |
| author_facet | Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch |
| author_sort | Stefan Windisch-Kern |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Within the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates achievable recovery rates of the valuable materials contained when applying an unconventional, pyrometallurgical reactor concept. For this purpose, the currently most prevalent NMC modifications (5-3-2, 6-2-2, and 8-1-1) with carbon addition were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and treated in a lab-scale application of the mentioned reactor principle. It was shown that the reactor concept achieves high recovery rates for nickel, cobalt, and manganese of well above 80%. For lithium, which is usually oxidized and slagged, the transfer coefficient into the slag phase was less than 10% in every experimental trial. Instead, it was possible to remove the vast amount of it via a gas phase, which could potentially open up new paths regarding metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a5a1633b16db41f187f1915c71d50cbf2023-11-23T00:24:26ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-11-011111184410.3390/met11111844Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed ReactorStefan Windisch-Kern0Alexandra Holzer1Lukas Wiszniewski2Harald Raupenstrauch3Chair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaChair of Thermal Processing Technology, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, AustriaWithin the e-mobility sector, which represents a major driver of the development of the overall lithium-ion battery market, batteries with nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathode chemistries are currently gaining ground. This work is specifically dedicated to this NMC battery type and investigates achievable recovery rates of the valuable materials contained when applying an unconventional, pyrometallurgical reactor concept. For this purpose, the currently most prevalent NMC modifications (5-3-2, 6-2-2, and 8-1-1) with carbon addition were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and treated in a lab-scale application of the mentioned reactor principle. It was shown that the reactor concept achieves high recovery rates for nickel, cobalt, and manganese of well above 80%. For lithium, which is usually oxidized and slagged, the transfer coefficient into the slag phase was less than 10% in every experimental trial. Instead, it was possible to remove the vast amount of it via a gas phase, which could potentially open up new paths regarding metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1844lithium-ion batterieslithium recyclingcarbothermal reduction |
| spellingShingle | Stefan Windisch-Kern Alexandra Holzer Lukas Wiszniewski Harald Raupenstrauch Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor Metals lithium-ion batteries lithium recycling carbothermal reduction |
| title | Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor |
| title_full | Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor |
| title_short | Investigation of Potential Recovery Rates of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Particularly Lithium from NMC-Type Cathode Materials (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by Carbo-Thermal Reduction in an Inductively Heated Carbon Bed Reactor |
| title_sort | investigation of potential recovery rates of nickel manganese cobalt and particularly lithium from nmc type cathode materials lini sub x sub mn sub y sub co sub z sub o sub 2 sub by carbo thermal reduction in an inductively heated carbon bed reactor |
| topic | lithium-ion batteries lithium recycling carbothermal reduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1844 |
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